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All Journal Fundamental and Applied Research in Medicine and Allied Sciences Indonesia
Husnunnisa
Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Indonesia

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Formulation and Characterization of Curcumin-Loaded Microsponge Gel for Controlled Release and Enhanced Stability in Topical Antioxidant Therapy Emma Jayanti Besan; Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Nur Masyithah Zamruddin; Husnunnisa; Cut Intan Annisa Puteri
Fundamental and Applied Research in Medicine and Allied Sciences Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): May, 2026
Publisher : CV. Get Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69855/farmasi.v2i1.543

Abstract

Curcumin possesses strong antioxidant and photoprotective activities, but its poor aqueous solubility, limited skin penetration, and high photoinstability restrict topical efficacy. This study developed curcumin-loaded microsponges using Eudragit RS100 by the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The optimized formulation (MS-F5) showed high encapsulation efficiency (91.7 ± 1.6%), porosity (61.3 ± 2.8%), positive zeta potential (+28.3 ± 2.1 mV), and sustained 24-h drug release following Higuchi kinetics (R² = 0.9952). Incorporated into a 2% Carbopol gel, MS-F5 significantly enhanced skin permeation (2.89-fold), epidermal retention (3.52-fold), antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 12.4 ± 0.8 vs. 18.7 ± 1.2 µg/mL), and photostability (72.4% vs. 18.3%) compared with plain curcumin gel (p < 0.05). Stability studies following ICH Q1A(R2) and Q1B guidelines confirmed acceptable physicochemical and microbiological stability over six months. These findings demonstrate that microsponge technology improves curcumin stability, controlled release, skin delivery, and antioxidant performance, highlighting its potential for dermatological and cosmeceutical applications.
Evaluation of the Potential of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) in Increasing Oral Bioavailability of Low-Solubility Drugs Muhammad Nurul Fadel; Emma Jayanti Besan; Dzukharian Munandar; Husnunnisa; Cut Intan Annisa Puteri
Fundamental and Applied Research in Medicine and Allied Sciences Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): May, 2026
Publisher : CV. Get Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.69855/farmasi.v2i1.544

Abstract

Losartan potassium, a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, exhibits poor aqueous solubility and limited oral bioavailability. This study aimed to develop and optimize a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) to enhance its dissolution and absorption. SNEDDS formulations were prepared using Capmul MCM C8, Tween 80, and PEG 400 based on solubility screening and ternary phase diagram analysis. The optimized formulation (F3) was evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), in vitro drug release, pharmacokinetics, and stability. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in experimental rats Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in experimental rats (n = 3 per group) to assess bioavailability. The optimized SNEDDS produced nanoemulsions with a droplet size of 68.3 nm, low PDI, and good dilution stability. In vitro studies demonstrated rapid drug release (>96% within 30 minutes), significantly higher than the plain suspension. Pharmacokinetic results showed a 3.09-fold increase in bioavailability and a 2.79-fold increase in Cmax without altering Tmax. Stability studies confirmed good physicochemical stability over six months under ICH conditions. In conclusion, SNEDDS is a promising strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs such as losartan potassium.
Co-Authors Cut Intan Annisa Puteri Dzukharian Munandar Emma Jayanti Besan Muhammad Nurul Fadel Muhammad Nurul Fadel Nur Masyithah Zamruddin