Dinamika Fungsi Sosial Organisasi Kemasyarakatan Antara Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Praktik Premanisme Pada Era Desentralisasi di Indonesia

Bonefasius Bao (Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Jayapura)
M. Rusdianto Abu (Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Jayapura)
Anitha Nurak (Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Jayapura)
Hendry Bakri (Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Jayapura)

Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora
Vol 9 No 3 (2026): Article in Press

Mass organizations (Ormas) in Indonesia perform a paradoxical dual role in the era of decentralization: contributing positively to community empowerment while simultaneously transforming into institutionalized thuggery actors. This study analyzes the duality of Ormas social functions by examining four integrated dimensions: community empowerment, thuggery practices, factors driving role shifts, and the effectiveness of regional policies and government oversight. The study employs a systematic literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing content analysis and thematic synthesis of academic literature and regulations published between 2010 and 2025. The findings reveal that community empowerment operates through three patterns: solidarity-based social services, micro-economic strengthening, and skills training. Ormas thuggery is classified into territorial, functional, and political typologies that intersect in practice, constituting a self-reinforcing mechanism produced by the interaction of weak internal governance, decentralization incentives, and inadequate regulatory frameworks. The article argues that repressive approaches alone are insufficient; an integrated strategy combining institutional capacity-building, incentive-based regulatory reform, and strengthened public participation as external oversight is required.