Bisma The Journal of Counseling
Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): August

Development of a Cognitive Behavior Therapy Counseling Guide using Cognitive Restructuring Techniques to Reduce Anxiety in Middle School Bullying Victims

Ni Luh Deantini Ni Luh Deantini (Universita Pendidikan Ganesha)
Kadek Suranata (Ilmu Pendidikan Psikologi dan Bimbingan, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia)
Wayan Eka Paramartha (Ilmu Pendidikan Psikologi dan Bimbingan, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
25 Aug 2025

Abstract

A sense of safety at school supports students in achieving both psychological and academic well-being, whereas feeling unsafe can lead to emotional disturbances such as anxiety, which hinders their overall development and academic performance. One major cause of anxiety among students is bullying by peers, which often results in victims becoming reluctant to attend school or even wanting to drop out. Although school Guidance and Counseling teachers have provided services and conducted home visits, their efforts remain suboptimal due to the lack of specific guidelines for addressing anxiety in bullying victims. This study aims to assess the content validity, acceptability, and effectiveness of a counseling manual based on cognitive behavior therapy using cognitive restructuring techniques to reduce anxiety in bullied students. The study was developed using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), and the results showed that the product validity reached a CVR score of 1 and a CVI score of 0.011, falling within the appropriate category; the manual's acceptability scored 0.97, categorized as highly appropriate; and its effectiveness, with a p-value < 0.05, indicates that the manual is effective in reducing anxiety in victims of bullying. This cognitive behavior therapy-based counseling manual has been found beneficial in helping students manage anxiety caused by bullying, enabling them to participate in school activities without fear or worry.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

bisma

Publisher

Subject

Education Social Sciences

Description

Bisma The Journal of Counseling ISSN: Print 2598-3199 –Online 2598-3210 is a peer-reviewed, published by Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha in collaboration with Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI). The list of the journal was associated with Indonesian Counselor Association (IKI) is list here. ...