Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah
Vol 11 No 2 (2026): JURNAL KEPERAWATAN MUHAMMADIYAH

Psychological Distress, Social Stigma, Depression and Mental Health Crisis Among Nurses in High-Pressure Clinical Settings

Diah Priyantini (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia)
Erfan Rofiqi (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia)
Septian Galuh Winata (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia)
Chlara Yunita Prabawati (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia)
Dzakiyatul Fahmi Mumtaz (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia)
Ken Siwi (Department of Physiotheraphy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia)
Annisa Wigati Rozifa (Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Indonesia)
Daviq Ayatulloh (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Gresik, Indonesia)
Nursalam Nursalam (Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga)



Article Info

Publish Date
28 Jun 2026

Abstract

Background: Nurses working in high-pressure clinical settings are frequently exposed to heavy workloads, emotional demands, and challenging working environments that may compromise their psychological well-being. Persistent occupational stress, combined with negative societal perceptions and stigma toward healthcare professionals, may contribute to psychological distress, depression, and broader mental health crises among nurses. Understanding the relationship between psychological distress and social stigma is essential to identify factors contributing to mental health problems in nursing professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and October 2021 involving 2,156 nurses working in high-pressure clinical units across Indonesia. Data were collected using an online questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, measures of psychological distress, and social stigma perceptions, along with a modified Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A researcher-developed mental health crisis scale was also used to assess severe psychological conditions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and Spearman’s rho correlation with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Most participants were aged 20–29 years (44.6%) and female (67.5%). Psychological distress was reported at moderate levels among 78.4% of respondents, while 18.5% experienced perceived social stigma. Severe depression was identified in 64.5% of nurses, and 63.5% reported severe mental health crisis conditions. Psychological distress and perceived social stigma were significantly associated with higher levels of depression and mental health crises among nurses (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Psychological distress and social stigma were significant factors associated with depression and mental health crises among nurses working in high-pressure clinical environments. These findings highlight the importance of implementing institutional mental health support systems, stigma reduction initiatives, and workplace interventions to protect nurses’ psychological well-being.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JKM

Publisher

Subject

Health Professions Nursing

Description

Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah (JKM) adalah jurnal Ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya. Jurnal ini akan menerbitkan artikel penelitian, studi kasus, literature review dan update ilmu keperawatan meliputi seluruh ...