<![CDATA[Leadership plays a pivotal role in shaping organizational culture and enhancing human resource performance within educational institutions. However, in the context of Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), where the kyai (spiritual leader) holds central and authoritative influence, empirical investigations into the mechanistic pathways linking leadership styles to teacher performance remain conspicuously underrepresented. This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect effects of kyai leadership style on teacher performance, with organizational culture as a mediating variable, at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Fattah, Tulang Bawang. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method. The research population comprised all 45 teachers at the institution, constituting a saturated sample (n = 45). Data were collected through a validated and reliable 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and inferential path analysis, utilizing SmartPLS 4.0, were applied to test the hypothesized structural relationships and mediation effects. The findings reveal that: (1) kyai leadership style exerts a positive and significant direct effect on organizational culture; (2) leadership style positively and significantly influences teacher performance; (3) organizational culture demonstrates a positive and significant impact on teacher performance; and (4) organizational culture significantly mediates the relationship between leadership style and teacher performance. These results indicate that a charismatic and transformative kyai leadership style fosters a conducive organizational climate, which subsequently enhances pedagogical performance. This study contributes theoretically to the Islamic educational management literature by validating the mediating role of organizational culture within the unique socio-religious context of pesantren, while offering practical implications for institutional human resource development strategies in faith-based educational settings]]>
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