Tinjauan Naratif: Bawang Hitam (Allium sativum L.) sebagai Agen Nefroprotektif dan Perubahan Berat Badan pada Model Nefrotoksisitas Gentamisin

Jauharotul Firdausiyah (Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus)
Riana Putri Rahmawati (Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus)
Intan Adevia Rosnarita (Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus)

KOLONI
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): JUNI 2026

Black garlic is the product of fermenting fresh garlic (Allium sativum L.), which is rich in bioactive compounds such as S-allyl cysteine, polyphenols, and flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These compounds have potential as nephroprotectors against gentamicin-induced kidney damage. This narrative review seeks to consolidate evidence regarding black garlic's nephroprotective mechanisms, dose-response patterns in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, and its impact on body weight variations. Literature was sourced from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Sinta, covering the publication period 2020–2025, using the keywords black garlic; nephroprotective; nephrotoxicity; and Allium sativum. The results of the review indicate that S-allyl cysteine and flavonoids act by inhibiting ROS and increasing SOD, GPx, and CAT; suppressing NF-kB accompanied by a decrease in TNF-alpha and IL-6; regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio along with caspase-3 suppression, plus enhanced renal hemodynamics through nitric oxide.