Islamic calligraphy is not only understood as an expression of spiritual beauty but also contains social, political, and cultural dimensions. This study aims to analyze Islamic calligraphy as a site of political and cultural negotiation in Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative approach using library research and discourse analysis of relevant academic literature. The findings show that calligraphy functions as a symbol of power legitimacy in both traditional sultanates and modern institutions, a medium of cultural resistance against colonialism and radicalism, and an instrument of cultural diplomacy in shaping a moderate Islamic identity in Indonesia. These findings emphasize that calligraphy serves as a space of meaning production that reflects the dynamic relationship between art, power, and identity in Indonesian Muslim society. .
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