<![CDATA[This study examines restrictions on land control by foreign nationals from the perspectives of human rights and local economic sovereignty. The research addresses the tension between foreign investment interests, the protection of local communities’ rights to land and adequate housing, and the state’s responsibility to preserve land as a strategic resource for public welfare. This study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches through an examination of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles, Government Regulation Number 18 of 2021, Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 18 of 2021, and relevant legal literature. The findings demonstrate that restrictions on land control by foreign nationals have a legitimate legal basis and satisfy the principles of legality, legitimate aim, necessity, proportionality, and non-discrimination. However, legal certainty has not been fully realized in terms of justice and utility. Weak verification of land-use rights, nominee arrangements, and inadequate supervision may facilitate concealed land control, increase property prices, restrict local communities’ access to land, and reduce local economic benefits. This study argues that restrictions on land control by foreign nationals constitute a legal instrument for balancing foreign investment, human rights protection, and local economic sovereignty. Therefore, stronger verification, transparent land administration, effective supervision, and consistent law enforcement are necessary to ensure that land control remains aligned with public welfare and the protection of local communities.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
