<![CDATA[Background: Malaria remains a major global health concern, especially in developing nations. The growing resistance to conventional antimalarials underscores the need for plant-derived alternatives with antiplasmodial activity. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. has been traditionally used for various ailments and contains several bioactive compounds, yet systematic in vivo studies on its antimalarial activity are limited. This study evaluated the in vivo effect of the chloroform extract of F. vulgare Mill. leaves on parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice.Objectives: To assess the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the chloroform extract of F. vulgare Mill. leaves against P. berghei infection in mice.Methods: An in vivo experimental study with a post-test only control group design was conducted using male mice randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The treatment groups received oral chloroform extracts at doses of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW for four consecutive days. Phytochemical screening identified terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids in the extract. Parasitemia was determined daily by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT), with p < 0.05 considered significant.Results: The chloroform extract contained terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids and suppressed parasitemia in P. berghei-infected mice. The highest inhibition was observed at 800 mg/kg BW (85.7%) on Day IV post-infection, followed by 100 mg/kg BW (68.9%), both significantly different from the infected control group (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The chloroform extract of F. vulgare Mill. leaves showed the greatest in vivo antiplasmodial activity at 800 mg/kg BW, supporting further studies on toxicity, active compound isolation, and mechanisms of action.]]>
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