Body Mass Index and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Relation to Low-Density Lipoprotein to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio among Adults

Bungahati Kita (Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.)
Marlina Dewiastuti (Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.)
Melly Kristanti (Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.)
Mila Citrawati (Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.)
Tuty Rizkianti (Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.)

JUXTA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga
Vol. 17 No. 2 (2026): IN-PROGRESS ISSUE (AUGUST 2026)

Highlights: Visceral adipose tissue demonstrated a positive and significant correlation with the LDL-C to HDL-C ratio, with the majority of participants exhibiting elevated VAT levels also showing high LDL-C to HDL-C ratios. An increase in BMI tended to correspond with a rise in the lipid ratio.   Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a leading cause of death worldwide. In Indonesia, factors contributing to CVDs, including obesity and abnormal lipid profiles, have been increasingly prevalent among adults. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio is a well-established indicator used to assess the risk of CVD. This study examined how nutritional factors, particularly body mass index (BMI) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), influence the LDL-C-to-HDL-C ratio in adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising laboratory medical check-up results from employees of Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The bivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression (significant at p<0.05). The data were analyzed statistically using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Results: Among 56 participants (n=56), BMI was categorized as obese (48.2%), overweight (5.4%), and normal weight (46.4%), while VAT was categorized as high (69.6%), increased (21.4%), and normal level (8.9%). The analysis showed a positive but not significant association between BMI and the LDL-C-to-HDL-C ratio (Odds Ratio/OR=1.230; 95% Confidence Interval/CI=1.706-2.143; p=0.464). In contrast, there was a positive and significant relationship between VAT and the LDL-C-to-HDL-C ratio (OR=3.918; 95% CI=1.143-13.430; p=0.030). Conclusion: This study revealed a significant relationship between VAT and the LDL-C-to-HDL-C ratio, whereas no notable link was observed between BMI and the LDL-C-to-HDL-C ratio among the employees.