<![CDATA[Growing environmental and health concerns regarding synthetic dyes have increased interest in natural colorants as potentially more sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to extract and optimize a natural dye from Parkia biglobosa pods and evaluate its application to nylon fabrics. The dye was extracted through maceration, producing a yield of 23.76%. The optimum dyeing conditions for treated and untreated nylon were concentrations of 1% and 1.5%, temperatures of 60 and 70 °C, and dyeing times of 30 and 40 min, respectively. The extract was applied using pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting techniques with copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and potassium aluminum sulfate as mordants. The resulting fabrics exhibited shades ranging from light and dark brown to black, with pre-mordanting producing the most visually attractive shades. However, the dyed nylon fabrics demonstrated poor colorfastness to sunlight and washing, with ratings ranging from 1 to 3. Neither mordanted nor unmordanted fabrics exhibited antibacterial activity against B. subtilis or S. Typhi (inhibition zone: 0.00 ± 0.00 mm). In contrast, all dyed fabrics showed varying antifungal activity against P. notatum. Treated nylon dyed with copper sulfate produced the largest inhibition zone (1.0 ± 0.00 mm), whereas untreated nylon dyed with potassium aluminum sulfate produced the smallest (0.3 ± 0.00 mm). These findings demonstrate the potential of P. biglobosa pods as a source of natural dye for nylon fabrics, particularly when applied through pre-mordanting. Nevertheless, the poor colorfastness and limited antimicrobial performance indicate that further optimization is necessary before practical textile application.]]>
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