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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Abdulkadir Junior Bilyamin
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Optimization of the Dyeing Conditions of Natural Dye from African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pod on Cotton Fabrics Andama Aaron Kanadi; Joshua Yakubu; James Yakubu; Abdulkadir Junior Bilyamin; Akinterinwa Ayo; Peter Micheal Dass
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 2 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i2.10011

Abstract

This study examines the dyeing performance, color fastness, surface morphology, and antimicrobial properties of cotton fabrics dyed with natural dye extract, both with and without mordant treatment. The dye extract was applied to treated and untreated cotton fabrics, while CuSO₄, FeSO₄, and KAl(SO₄)₂ were used as mordants to produce different color shades. The optimum dyeing conditions for treated and untreated cotton fabrics were identified at dye concentrations of 2% and 1.5%, temperatures of 90°C and 80°C, and dyeing times of 60 and 50 minutes, respectively. Color fastness to washing and sunlight was evaluated, and the surface morphology of dyed and undyed fabrics was investigated using SEM. The dyed cotton fabrics demonstrated good color fastness, with ratings ranging from 3 to 5 under washing and sunlight exposure. Antimicrobial analysis showed that all dyed fabrics, with and without mordants, produced no inhibition zone against the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi, with values of 0.00 ± 0.00. However, the dyed fabrics exhibited varying inhibition zones against the fungus Penicillium notatum. Treated cotton dyed with copper sulphate mordant showed the highest inhibition zone of 1.1 ± 0.00 mm, whereas untreated cotton dyed with potassium aluminium sulphate mordant showed the lowest inhibition zone of 0.4 ± 0.00 mm. The study concludes that mordant-assisted dyeing can improve shade variation and maintain acceptable color fastness in cotton fabrics, while the antifungal activity of the dyed fabrics suggests potential functional value for naturally dyed textile applications.
Extraction and Application of Natural Dye from African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pod on Nylon Fabrics Andema Aaron Kanadi; Abdulkadir Junior Bilyamin; Joshua Yakubu; Lunsti John; Akinterinwa Ayo; Peter Micheal Dass
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 3 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i3.11793

Abstract

Growing environmental and health concerns regarding synthetic dyes have increased interest in natural colorants as potentially more sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to extract and optimize a natural dye from Parkia biglobosa pods and evaluate its application to nylon fabrics. The dye was extracted through maceration, producing a yield of 23.76%. The optimum dyeing conditions for treated and untreated nylon were concentrations of 1% and 1.5%, temperatures of 60 and 70 °C, and dyeing times of 30 and 40 min, respectively. The extract was applied using pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting techniques with copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and potassium aluminum sulfate as mordants. The resulting fabrics exhibited shades ranging from light and dark brown to black, with pre-mordanting producing the most visually attractive shades. However, the dyed nylon fabrics demonstrated poor colorfastness to sunlight and washing, with ratings ranging from 1 to 3. Neither mordanted nor unmordanted fabrics exhibited antibacterial activity against B. subtilis or S. Typhi (inhibition zone: 0.00 ± 0.00 mm). In contrast, all dyed fabrics showed varying antifungal activity against P. notatum. Treated nylon dyed with copper sulfate produced the largest inhibition zone (1.0 ± 0.00 mm), whereas untreated nylon dyed with potassium aluminum sulfate produced the smallest (0.3 ± 0.00 mm). These findings demonstrate the potential of P. biglobosa pods as a source of natural dye for nylon fabrics, particularly when applied through pre-mordanting. Nevertheless, the poor colorfastness and limited antimicrobial performance indicate that further optimization is necessary before practical textile application.
Extraction and Application of Natural Dye from African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Pod on Nylon Fabrics Andema Aaron Kanadi; Abdulkadir Junior Bilyamin; Joshua Yakubu; Lunsti John; Akinterinwa Ayo; Peter Micheal Dass
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 3 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i3.11793

Abstract

Growing environmental and health concerns regarding synthetic dyes have increased interest in natural colorants as potentially more sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to extract and optimize a natural dye from Parkia biglobosa pods and evaluate its application to nylon fabrics. The dye was extracted through maceration, producing a yield of 23.76%. The optimum dyeing conditions for treated and untreated nylon were concentrations of 1% and 1.5%, temperatures of 60 and 70 °C, and dyeing times of 30 and 40 min, respectively. The extract was applied using pre-, meta-, and post-mordanting techniques with copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, and potassium aluminum sulfate as mordants. The resulting fabrics exhibited shades ranging from light and dark brown to black, with pre-mordanting producing the most visually attractive shades. However, the dyed nylon fabrics demonstrated poor colorfastness to sunlight and washing, with ratings ranging from 1 to 3. Neither mordanted nor unmordanted fabrics exhibited antibacterial activity against B. subtilis or S. Typhi (inhibition zone: 0.00 ± 0.00 mm). In contrast, all dyed fabrics showed varying antifungal activity against P. notatum. Treated nylon dyed with copper sulfate produced the largest inhibition zone (1.0 ± 0.00 mm), whereas untreated nylon dyed with potassium aluminum sulfate produced the smallest (0.3 ± 0.00 mm). These findings demonstrate the potential of P. biglobosa pods as a source of natural dye for nylon fabrics, particularly when applied through pre-mordanting. Nevertheless, the poor colorfastness and limited antimicrobial performance indicate that further optimization is necessary before practical textile application.
Co-Authors Akinterinwa Ayo Andama Aaron Kanadi Andema Aaron Kanadi James Yakubu Joshua Yakubu Lunsti John Peter Micheal Dass