<![CDATA[This study analyzes the legal consequences of a Deed of Sale and Purchase arising from the seller’s bad faith and the legal protection afforded to buyers in land rights transfers. It employs normative juridical research using statutory, case, and analytical approaches, supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The analysis examines the Civil Code, the Basic Agrarian Law, Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997, Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 4 of 2016, and three sets of court decisions. The findings show that a seller’s bad faith does not automatically invalidate a Deed of Sale and Purchase. Its legal consequences depend on whether such conduct affects the validity requirements of the agreement; violations of subjective requirements may render the agreement voidable, while violations of objective requirements may make it null and void. Where the sale is proven valid, the buyer’s rights remain protected. Protection is reinforced through registration, counterclaims, recognition of ownership, confirmation of transfer validity, eviction, and compensation. Evidence remains decisive in assessing authority, payment, documentation, registration, and conduct.]]>
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