<![CDATA[This study aimed to design and develop Moodle features integrated with the ethnoscience-based LOC-R model to support andragogy in fostering critical thinking skills. The novelty of the study lies in integrating Moodle with the four stages of the LOC-R model (Literacy, Orientation, Collaboration, and Reflection) while incorporating the ethnoscience content of Mpa’a Gantao martial arts as a contextual learning resource. This integration addresses the limited application of multiple andragogical principles and the LOC-R model reported in previous studies. The research adopted the first three stages of the Borg and Gall Research and Development (R&D) model: preliminary study, planning and goal setting, and product development with feasibility evaluation. Validation data were collected using 5-point rating scales and analyzed using Aiken's V at both the item and aspect levels. The findings show that the developed Moodle feature has high content validity based on expert assessments (material: V = 0.83; media: V = 0.90), indicating that it is suitable for implementation in the field. This study is limited to expert validation and does not include field testing with students; therefore, the product's effectiveness in improving critical thinking skills has not been empirically proven. Future research should evaluate its effectiveness through experimental studies and test this model across various physics topics and ethnoscience contexts to strengthen its generalizability.]]>
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