Kecenderungan Pemahaman Siswa Sekolah Dasar pada Materi Bentuk dan Fungsi Tubuh Hewan

Afridha Laily Alindra (Indonesia University of Education)
Sheva Febriant Zahra Khoerunnisa (Indonesia University of Education)
Rosdillah Eka Putri (Indonesia University of Education)
Mochammad Fadhlan Dzikrulloh (Indonesia University of Education)
Nabillaila Qurotunnisa (Indonesia University of Education)

Lentera: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan
Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026): Lentera

This study aims to analyze the trends in elementary school students' understanding of animal body forms and functions using a qualitative approach through a literature review method. Data were collected from relevant scientific journal articles and previous research, then analyzed descriptively, analytically, and critically. Findings indicate that students' understanding remains partial and descriptive; they can generally recognize external body parts without explaining the functional relationship between structures and their biological roles. Misconceptions are the primary obstacle, stemming from everyday experiences, inappropriate teaching materials, low scientific literacy, and rote-learning-centered instruction. External factors such as limited teaching method variation, media, and classroom management also contribute. The use of innovative media such as augmented reality and active learning models including Problem Based Learning and Discovery Learning has been shown to improve conceptual understanding. Therefore, science learning in elementary schools should be designed to be more interactive, contextual, and student-centered so that students' understanding of animal body forms and functions can develop optimally.