<![CDATA[Background: Social and economic inequality has become a multidimensional challenge affecting justice, social cohesion, and sustainable development in contemporary societies. In plural and increasingly secular public spheres, the Church is called to redefine its ethical and social responsibility. Objective: This study aims to analyze the ethical framework of public theology in shaping the Church’s social responsibility in responding to issues of social justice and economic inequality. Method: The research employs a qualitative normative-theological approach through biblical text analysis, examination of ecclesial documents, and reflective ethical analysis complemented by a case study of church social programs. Results: The findings indicate that public theology is grounded in three core principles justice, solidarity, and the common good which form an integrative ethical framework for ecclesial engagement in the public sphere. Churches that integrate theological reflection with structured social programs tend to demonstrate more transformative and sustainable social impact. Overall: The study concludes that a normative-reflective model of public theology provides a coherent foundation for contextual, dialogical, and transformative church engagement in promoting social justice within plural societies.]]>
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