<![CDATA[This article examines the Industrial Revolution as a major transformation that reshaped economic systems, social structures, technological development, and global dominance in Europe from the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries. Emerging initially in England, the Industrial Revolution marked a transition from agrarian-based economies to machine-driven industrial production. Through technological innovation, urbanization, and the rise of industrial capitalism, European society experienced profound changes in labor relations, settlement patterns, and global power structures. Using a historical qualitative approach, this article analyzes the background, development, and impacts of the Industrial Revolution in shaping modern European civilization]]>
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