<![CDATA[Carbonization temperature is a main parameter in physicochemical properties and the production economics of biochar. This study evaluates the influence of temperatures between 200 and 600 °C on corn cob biochar (CCB) characteristics. The electricity-based production costs of this process also be identified using a 2-kW furnace. Biochar yield decreased significantly from 7.21% at 200 °C to 2.56% at 600 °C. A similar trend was also seen in volatile matter, which declined with increasing temperature. Meanwhile, the ash content increased from 9.67% to 29.92 % due to progressive mineral concentration. Noticibly, fixed carbon content increased and reached a maximum at 400 °C (45.82%) before decreasing at higher temperatures, indicating excessive thermal severity. Energy consumption rose from 2.60 to 3.93 kWh, substantially increasing production cost per unit mass from Rp 520.97 g?¹ to Rp 4,445.00 g?¹. The results demonstrate a clear trade off between biochar quality enhancement and energy efficiency. Overall, CCB produced at 400 °C provides the most balanced condition, delivering high fixed carbon content with comparatively moderate energy consumption. By this means representing the most economically viable temperature for scalable CCB production. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 7: Affordable and Clean EnergySDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionSDG 13: Climate Action]]>
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