<![CDATA[Background: Dengue fever remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with transmission closely associated with the distribution and abundance of Aedes mosquitoes. Entomological surveillance using ovitraps is an effective method for monitoring mosquito populations and identifying areas at risk of dengue transmission. Purpose: This study aimed to identify Aedes mosquito species and assess mosquito breeding activity using the Ovitrap Index (OI) in Lempake Subdistrict, Samarinda, East Kalimantan. Methods: A descriptive entomological study was conducted using 98 ovitraps placed in indoor and outdoor environments across eight observation sites. Ovitraps were monitored for seven consecutive days, and larvae obtained from positive ovitraps were identified in the laboratory. Mosquito breeding activity was evaluated using the Ovitrap Index, while differences in larval abundance between indoor and outdoor ovitraps were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: A total of 22 positive ovitraps were identified, yielding 288 Aedes larvae comprising Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The overall Ovitrap Index was 24.57%, corresponding to Level 3 (Moderate Risk) according to the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department classification. RT 11 and RT 22 exhibited the highest Ovitrap Index values, indicating greater mosquito breeding activity. Although outdoor ovitraps collected more larvae than indoor ovitraps, no statistically significant difference in larval abundance was observed between the two environments (U = 28.50, p = 0.746). Conclusion: These findings indicate that both indoor and outdoor environments contribute to Aedes breeding and highlight the importance of routine ovitrap surveillance, targeted vector control, and community-based environmental management to strengthen dengue prevention in urban settings.]]>
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