Batas Kewenangan Pengadilan dalam Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase: Studi Kasus Akuisisi TPI: Limits of Court Authority in the Annulment of Arbitral Awards: A Case Study of the TPI Acquisition

Vikri Pramana Putra (Magister Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Semarang)
Muhammad Junaidi (Magister Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Semarang)
Oktarini Kusniawati (Magister Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Semarang)
Cita Tsaabiethah Agustria Sasti (Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Semarang)

Journal Juridisch
Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): MARCH

This research is motivated by the controversy surrounding the annulment of the arbitral award in the TPI acquisition case, which reveals a serious conflict between the principle of final and binding arbitration and judicial intervention that exceeds the limits of authority under Law No. 30 of 1999. The urgency of this study lies in the need to critically assess the fractured relationship between courts and arbitration, particularly when courts expand the interpretation of public order and disregard the kompetensi-kompetensi principle, thereby creating legal uncertainty for business actors. Using a normative juridical research method with qualitative analytical techniques based on case study and doctrinal interpretation, this study aims to identify the limits of judicial authority, map the forms of judicial overreach, and explain their implications for arbitral finality. The novelty of this research lies in its structural analysis of judicial practices in the TPI case, which have not been thoroughly examined in previous studies, as well as in its conceptual synthesis of authority theory, finality principles, and arbitral institutional design. The findings provide theoretical contributions by refining the understanding of the limits of judicial authority and offer practical benefits in the form of judicial and regulatory reform recommendations to strengthen the integrity of Indonesia’s arbitration system.   Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kontroversi pembatalan putusan arbitrase dalam kasus akuisisi TPI, yang memperlihatkan benturan serius antara asas final and binding arbitrase dengan praktik intervensi pengadilan yang melampaui batas kewenangan menurut UU 30/1999. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan untuk menilai secara kritis keretakan hubungan antara pengadilan dan arbitrase, terutama ketika pengadilan memperluas tafsir ketertiban umum dan mengabaikan prinsip-prinsip kompetensi hingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum bagi pelaku usaha. Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan teknik analisis kualitatif berbasis studi kasus dan penafsiran doktrinal, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi batas kewenangan pengadilan, memetakan bentuk judicial overreach, serta menjelaskan implikasinya terhadap finalitas arbitrase. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis struktural terhadap praktik yudisial dalam perkara TPI yang selama ini belum diurai secara mendalam dalam penelitian terdahulu, serta sintesis konseptual antara teori kewenangan, asas finalitas, dan desain kelembagaan arbitrase. Hasil penelitian memberikan kontribusi teoretis berupa pemurnian pemahaman batas kewenangan pengadilan dan manfaat praktis berupa rekomendasi reformasi yudisial dan regulatif untuk memperkuat integritas sistem arbitrase Indonesia.