The Integration of Islamic Theology, Sharia, and Sufism in a Classical Malay Manuscript: A Philological Study of the Spiritual Education Tradition in the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago

Rifka Haida Rahma (Institut Darul Qur'an Payakumbuh)
Nunu Burhanuddin (Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi)
Hayati Hayati (Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi)
Septika Rudiamon (Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Al-Hikmah Pariangan Batusangkar)

Jurnal Hurriah: Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan dan Penelitian
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Jurnal Hurriah: Journal of Educational Evaluation and Research (in Progress)

This study examines a classical Malay Islamic manuscript to investigate how Islamic theology, Sharia, and Sufism are integrated within a single model of spiritual education in the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago. Using a qualitative philological approach combined with content analysis and intellectual history, the study describes the manuscript, presents its transliteration and translation, and analyzes its religious teachings. The findings demonstrate that the manuscript is a didactic religious text (ta?l?m al-d?n) that systematically integrates Ash?arite theology, Shafi?ite jurisprudence, and Sufi spirituality into a coherent pedagogical framework. Within this model, ma?rifatull?h (knowledge of God) is positioned as the ultimate educational objective, while the authority of the teacher (murshid) is embedded in the construction of faith and religious obedience as the principal medium of spiritual formation. These findings highlight the manuscript's significance as evidence of the intellectual and educational traditions of Islam in the Malay-Indonesian world and contribute to philological studies, Islamic intellectual history, and contemporary Islamic education.