<![CDATA[The transformation of the digital economy has given birth to platform workers who carry out work activities through applications, but their legal status is still in uncertainty because contractual relationships are generally constructed as partnerships. This study aims to analyze the adequacy of the concept of employment relations in Indonesian labor law and formulate a legal approach that is able to determine the status of platform workers based on the actual character of the employment relationship. The research uses normative legal methods with legislative, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. An analysis was conducted on Indonesian labor regulations, international legal documents, and comparative legal developments regarding platform work. The study found that algorithmic control, economic dependence, organizational integration, remuneration control, disciplinary capacity, and risk allocation can form subordination even though the relationship is formally called a partnership. The status of platform workers needs to be determined based on the substance of the relationship, not solely the nomenclature of the contract. Indonesia needs to develop a functional employment relationship test, presumption of an employment relationship, and protection against algorithmic transparency, social security, and an objection mechanism to automated decisions. ]]>
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