<![CDATA[The development of autonomous weapons systems (AWS) driven by artificial intelligence has intensified debates on legal accountability, humanitarian protection, and ethical responsibility in armed conflict. This article examines how international humanitarian law can respond to the accountability gap created by algorithmic decision-making in military operations and proposes an integrative framework grounded in maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. The study employs normative juridical research with conceptual and regulatory approaches. It analyses the principles of distinction, proportionality, precautions in attack, state responsibility, command responsibility, weapons review, meaningful human control, and Islamic legal objectives. The findings show that the central problem is not whether artificial intelligence should be recognised as a legal subject, but how responsibility can be preserved when lethal decisions are mediated by complex sociotechnical systems. Existing IHL doctrines remain necessary, but they are insufficient without lifecycle governance, institutional responsibility, auditability, and ethical oversight. From the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, the use of AWS must be measured against ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-‘aql, maslaḥah, and human moral accountability. The article proposes a human-centred algorithmic governance model that integrates IHL with maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah through meaningful human control, institutional accountability, algorithmic auditability, and maqāṣid-based ethical oversight. This model strengthens legal certainty and humanitarian values in AI-enabled warfare.]]>
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