<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the ratio decidendi of the Panel of Judges in granting a unilateral withdrawal of a lawsuit and to analyze the legal consequences regarding legal certainty and the legal protection of the Defendant in a healthcare service dispute, based on Central Jakarta District Court Order Number 731/Pdt.G/2025/PN Jkt.Pst. This research employs a normative legal research method utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. Legal materials were analyzed using a descriptive-qualitative method, focusing on the provisions of Articles 271 and 272 of the *Reglement op de Rechtsvordering* (Rv) and the legal considerations within the court order. The research findings indicate that the withdrawal of the lawsuit could be executed unilaterally because it was submitted before the Defendant had filed a response; thus, the Defendant's consent was not required, in accordance with Article 271 of the Rv. The withdrawal terminates the proceedings and provides procedural legal certainty but does not resolve the core dispute, as the court does not adjudicate the substance of the legal relationship or the Defendant's liability. Consequently, the withdrawal does not automatically preclude the Plaintiff from refiling the lawsuit, provided that applicable legal requirements are met and the action is taken in good faith. The legal protection of the Defendant must be safeguarded through the application of the principles of legal certainty, the balancing of the parties' interests, and the prevention of the abuse of legal process.]]>
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