<![CDATA[This study analyzes the effects of climate risk, household adaptation strategies, and community-based adaptation strategies on the economic resilience of fishing households in Ambon City. A quantitative explanatory design was applied using a cross-sectional survey of 230 fishing households. Data were analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model met convergent validity, reliability, and discriminant validity criteria: all outer loadings exceeded 0.70, Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.883 to 0.942, composite reliability from 0.914 to 0.954, and average variance extracted from 0.680 to 0.777. The structural model explained 50.8% of the variance in household economic resilience. Climate risk had a negative and significant effect (β = −0.435; t = 8.960), while household adaptation had a positive and significant effect (β = 0.353; t = 7.082). Community-based adaptation exerted the strongest positive effect (β = 0.496; t = 10.873). The findings indicate that economic resilience is shaped by the interaction between external pressures and adaptive capacity. Strengthening fishermen’s organizations, collective information systems, livelihood diversification, productive assets, and access to economic protection is therefore essential for climate-resilient coastal development.]]>
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