This study evaluated the physical fitness of Grade XI vocational high school students in Bekasi Regency and explored school-related contextual factors that may help explain the observed fitness profile. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 308 students aged 16–19 years using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI), followed by qualitative data collection through semi-structured interviews and observations. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data were analysed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated through a joint display. The mean TKJI score was 14.85, corresponding to the fair category. Most students (52.6%) were classified as fair, whereas 32.1% were classified as poor. Among the five TKJI components, the 1,000/1,200-m run had the lowest mean score (1.44), indicating that cardiorespiratory endurance was the weakest measured component. Qualitative findings indicated that PJOK learning was implemented across the participating schools, but limited instructional time, differences in student participation, facility constraints, and opportunities for physical activity outside school shaped the learning context. Overall, the findings indicate that students' physical fitness was predominantly fair, with cardiorespiratory endurance requiring particular attention. The study provides practical evidence for strengthening school-based physical activity opportunities, improving the quality and continuity of PJOK learning, and conducting regular fitness assessment.
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