<![CDATA[Protozoa constitute a group of unicellular microorganisms whose species diversity spans nearly every ecosystem, with freshwater environments representing one of their richest habitats and ciliate taxa in particular serving as recognized bioindicators of water quality. Although numerous site-specific surveys of Indonesian freshwater protozoa exist, findings remain scattered across isolated studies without an integrative synthesis. This narrative literature review was conducted to address that gap by compiling and synthesizing published findings on protozoan identification in Indonesian freshwater ecosystems. The scientific articles used as research data comprised accredited national journals, conference proceedings, and institutional repositories, selected on the basis of open accessibility, methodological quality, topical relevance, the nature of the research object, and the use of references published within the last ten years. Data were collected through systematic keyword searches and organized in tabular form, then analyzed descriptively. The review revealed that freshwater ecosystems in Indonesia are dominated by ectoparasitic protozoan species, most notably Trichodina sp., Oodinium sp., and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, alongside a range of free-living ciliate, rhizopod, and rotifer-associated taxa, with community composition varying systematically by habitat type (lentic, fish-farming, and estuarine).]]>
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