This study aims to explore, develop, and validate an adaptive digital learning model based on Augmented Reality (AR) and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) to support educational transformation in Gorontalo City. The study employed a qualitative approach with an exploratory case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis involving teachers, students, school principals/managers, and educational technology practitioners selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings identified eight main themes: digital transformation as a change in learning practices, the need for adaptive learning, AR as a visual-interactive medium, AR and TPACK integration, diversity in students’ digital literacy, context-based model validation, implementation barriers, and gradual implementation strategies. The findings indicate that the model should contextually integrate technology, pedagogy, content, student characteristics, and institutional support. The model is recommended to be developed through iterative trials, evaluation, and refinement
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