<![CDATA[Development communication serves as a strategic instrument for community empowerment in Indonesia’s disadvantaged regions, yet empirical evidence regarding its models remains fragmented across diverse contexts. This study systematically reviewed empirical evidence on development communication models implemented to support community empowerment in rural and disadvantaged Indonesian regions. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines for methodological transparency, literature searches were conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online, and Google Scholar. The search identified 1,462 publications, resulting in 1,214 unique records after duplicate removal. Following screening, 105 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and nine empirical studies met all inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Findings reveal that participatory communication was the predominant model, characterized by dialogue, stakeholder collaboration, local knowledge integration, and collective decision-making. Persistent barriers were also identified, including limited institutional capacity, inadequate infrastructure, geographical isolation, cultural diversity, socioeconomic disparities, and local power dynamics. Overall, adaptive, participatory, and context-responsive models demonstrated greater capacity to strengthen community participation, institutional capacity, and local empowerment. The review concludes that development communication is most effective when communities act as active participants and strategies align with local sociocultural conditions, establishing an evidence-based foundation for sustainable empowerment.]]>
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