<![CDATA[Fluency in reading the Quran is a fundamental competency that every Muslim must possess, but its achievement cannot be achieved simply by relying on drilling methods or repetition. For Indonesian children studying in migrant environments, such as at the Indonesian Embassy's PNF Community Learning Center (PKBM PNF) in Kuala Lumpur, this challenge is further complicated by busy parents, minimal supervision, and a multicultural social environment that is less supportive of religious practices. To date, the application of the muroqobah value in these institutions has been incidental, not structured as a systematic learning model. This study aims to describe the understanding and implementation of muroqobah that has been running, construct a muroqobah pedagogical model as an approach to strengthening fluency in reading the Quran, and analyze its relevance and potential effectiveness. This study uses a qualitative approach with a design-based research (DBR) design, adapting the McKenney and Reeves cycle, which consists of three phases: analysis and exploration, design and model construction, and evaluation and reflection through limited trials. Data were collected through interviews, participant observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results of the study indicate that students' reading awareness has so far relied on external teacher supervision, not on the students' internal self. Based on these findings, a muroqobah pedagogical model was constructed consisting of four stages: introduction to muroqobah, growing awareness through habituation, application in reading practice, and evaluation and strengthening reflection. Limited trials showed an increase in students' enthusiasm and caution in reading, as well as a calmer and more reflective learning atmosphere. This model contributes in the form of an operational framework that bridges technical and spiritual development in Qur'an learning, especially in the context of non-formal education for Indonesian migrant children abroad.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
