<![CDATA[Digital transformation encourages madrasahs to develop academic supervision that is more systematic, objective, and oriented toward improving instructional quality. The study aims to analyze the role of data-based academic supervision, its implementation strategies for improving instructional quality, and the challenges that arise within the madrasah education environment. This research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review of references concerning digital academic supervision, madrasah leadership, teacher competence, and instructional quality management. The study integrates Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s Grand Theory of General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications, which is relevant to a systemic approach and the utilization of data feedback. Data analysis was conducted by categorizing concepts, identifying interrelationships among themes, and formulating a conceptual synthesis. The discussion reveals that data derived from classroom observations, student assessments, teacher reflections, and learning documentation can support more targeted supervision decision-making. Its success requires digital competence, data protection, collaboration, and a humanistic approach. This research offers a conceptual framework for the ongoing development of academic supervision in madrasahs during the digital era.]]>
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