<![CDATA[This study aims to improve learning outcomes regarding the fundamental manipulative skills of throwing and catching in the game of *kasti* (a traditional Indonesian bat-and-ball game) through a play-based approach among third-grade students at SD Negeri 46 Central Maluku. The study was motivated by the low proficiency of many students in throwing and catching during *kasti* games, which is suspected to be influenced by physical condition—specifically, the explosive power of the biceps and triceps. The study focuses on the fundamental manipulative skills of throwing and catching in *kasti*. The population consists of all 24 students participating in the *kasti* extracurricular activity at SD Negeri 46 Central Maluku. The sample comprises these 24 students. Instruments were used to measure the explosive power of the arm, shoulder, and wrist muscles; effective play requires fast, powerful, and long-distance throws to eliminate opponents. The results indicate an improvement in learning outcomes for throwing and catching skills among third-grade students at SD Negeri 46 Central Maluku. Student performance across two cycles showed an increase—from 5.23% in the first cycle to 100% in the second cycle—representing an overall improvement of 9.67%. The variety of instructional media employed by the physical education teacher also increased from the first to the second cycle, demonstrating the teacher's success in managing the learning process.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
