IDENTIFIKASI SOAL HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS PADA ASESMEN SUMATIF MATA PELAJARAN IPAS DI FASE B SD NEGERI 075110 LASARA BERUA

Fortin Wan Boi Gea (Universitas Nias)
Edward Harefa (Universitas Nias)
Hardikupatu Gulo (Universitas Nias)
Indah Wijaya Lase (Universitas Nias)

TEACHING : Jurnal Inovasi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026)

IPAS summative assessment should measure not only basic knowledge but also students’ higher-order thinking skills (Higher Order Thinking Skills/HOTS). This study aims to analyze the distribution and proportion of HOTS and Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) items and describe the cognitive characteristics of IPAS summative assessment items in Phase B at SD Negeri 075110 Lasara Berua. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design through document analysis. The primary data consisted of 39 IPAS summative assessment items from grades III and IV for the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year, while structured interviews with teachers were used as supporting data. Data were analyzed using content analysis based on the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy through unitization, coding, categorization, tabulation, and interpretation. The results showed that 38 items (97.43%) were classified as LOTS, while only 1 item (2.57%) was classified as HOTS. The items were dominated by remembering, understanding, and applying levels, whereas analyzing, evaluating, and creating were minimally represented. These findings indicate that the IPAS summative assessment has not yet adequately measured higher-order thinking skills. The findings highlight the need to strengthen teachers’ competence in developing contextual HOTS-based assessment items appropriate for Phase B learners. ABSTRAK Asesmen sumatif IPAS perlu mengukur tidak hanya penguasaan pengetahuan dasar, tetapi juga keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi (Higher Order Thinking Skills/HOTS). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis distribusi dan proporsi soal HOTS dan Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) serta mendeskripsikan karakteristik level kognitif soal asesmen sumatif IPAS pada Fase B SD Negeri 075110 Lasara Berua. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif melalui studi dokumentasi. Data utama berupa 39 butir soal asesmen sumatif IPAS semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2025/2026 dari kelas III dan IV, sedangkan wawancara terstruktur dengan guru digunakan sebagai data pendukung. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis) berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom Revisi melalui tahap unitisasi, pengodean, kategorisasi, tabulasi, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 38 butir soal (97,43%) berada pada kategori LOTS dan hanya 1 butir (2,57%) berada pada kategori HOTS. Soal didominasi level mengingat, memahami, dan mengaplikasikan, sedangkan menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan mencipta masih sangat terbatas. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa asesmen sumatif IPAS belum proporsional dalam mengukur keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Kondisi ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun soal berbasis HOTS yang kontekstual dan sesuai karakteristik Fase B.