Analysis of Instructional Design Model Classifications in Islamic Religious Education: A Comparative Study of Classroom-Oriented, Product-Oriented, and System-Oriented Models

Niswatin Abdul Cholik (Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Nurjati Cirebon)
Ibnu Rusydi (Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Wiralodra)
Irma Nurmalasari (Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Nurjati Cirebon)
Faridatuz Zahro (Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Nurjati Cirebon)

Community: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Action Research and Community Development

This study aims to analyze the classification of instructional design models according to Gustafson and Branch (2002) namely Classroom-Oriented, Product-Oriented, and System-Oriented and their relevance to the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum in Indonesia, particularly the Merdeka Curriculum. The method used is library research with content analysis and comparative analysis applied to 15 systematically selected scientific literature sources. The results indicate that the three models have different advantages and limitations in the PAI context: the Classroom-Oriented model is most suitable for daily PAI learning at the elementary and junior high school level; the Product-Oriented model is relevant for developing PAI teaching modules and media that support differentiated learning; while the System-Oriented model is appropriate for institutional-scale PAI curriculum development in madrasah and modern Islamic boarding schools. This study contributes an analytical framework for PAI educators and curriculum developers to select the most suitable design model for their educational needs and context.