<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the level of naturalistic intelligence among fifth-grade students before and after learning in the control and experimental classes, and to measure the effectiveness of a deep learning approach assisted by volcanic eruption simulations compared with conventional instruction. The study employed a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group. The subjects were 34 experimental and 31 control fifth-grade students in two elementary schools in Paseh District during the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected using a validated and reliable naturalistic intelligence test and analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent samples t-test, and N-gain via SPSS. In the experimental class, the mean score rose from 56.18 in the pretest to 83.85 in the posttest, whereas in the control class it rose only from 49.42 to 64.00. The t-test showed a significant difference between the classes (p < 0.05), and the N-gain of the experimental class (63.97; moderately effective) exceeded that of the control class (28.54; ineffective). The deep learning approach assisted by volcanic eruption simulations is significantly more effective than conventional learning in improving the naturalistic intelligence of fifth-grade elementary school students.]]>
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