<![CDATA[Research has been conducted on the development of Arduino Uno-based learning media to improve students’ conceptual understanding of temperature and heat material at SMA Negeri 22 Gowa. This study aims to develop valid, practical, and effective Arduino Uno-based learning media for supporting students’ conceptual understanding. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using a modified 4D development model consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The limited trial involved 32 students of Grade XI at SMA Negeri 22 Gowa. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and a conceptual understanding test administered through pretest and posttest. The validity results showed that the Arduino Uno-based learning media obtained a Gregory coefficient of 0.70, while the student worksheet, teaching module, teacher response questionnaire, student response questionnaire, and conceptual understanding test obtained coefficients of 0.83, 0.88, 0.94, 0.94, and 0.92, respectively. The practicality results showed an average teacher response of 4.60 (92.00%) and an average student response of 4.61 (92.20%), both categorized as very practical. The effectiveness analysis showed an increase in the mean score from 23.44 in the pretest to 81.94 in the posttest, with an N-Gain score of 0.77, categorized as high. The paired-samples t-test also showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores (t = 192.096, df = 31, p < 0.001). These results indicate that the developed Arduino Uno-based learning media is valid, very practical, and effective for improving students’ conceptual understanding of temperature and heat material.]]>
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