INTEGRASI ENERGI TERBARUKAN PADA SMART MICROGRID: OPTIMASI, FLEKSIBILITAS, RESILIENSI, DAN KECERDASAN BUATAN

Yunita Djamalu (Universitas Negeri Gorontalo)
Ervan Hasan Harun (Universitas Negeri Gorontalo)
Aswin (Universitas Negeri Gorontalo)
Fuad Pontoiyo (Universitas Negeri Gorontalo)

Journal Of Renewable Energy Engineering
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Journal Of Renewable Energy Engineering (Oktober)

ABSTRACT High renewable energy penetration is transforming smart microgrids from local generation systems into cyber-physical energy platforms that must coordinate planning, storage, flexible demand, electric vehicles, multi-energy coupling, market interactions, resilience, and intelligent control. This review synthesizes 56 Scopus-indexed records published in 2024-2026, all supplied in the reference extraction file, using a structured integrative review and thematic evidence synthesis. The literature was organized into six research fronts: joint sizing and energy-management co-design; flexibility portfolios based on batteries, hydrogen, pumped hydro, shared storage, and electric vehicles; transactive and multi-microgrid coordination; uncertainty-aware control and artificial intelligence; resilience and cybersecurity; and multi-energy sector coupling. The evidence shows a clear shift from isolated techno-economic sizing toward multi-objective, multi-time-scale, degradation-aware, and increasingly adaptive control. Recent studies also demonstrate that energy-management strategy can reshape the optimal physical design of a microgrid, while shared storage, peer-to-peer exchange, vehicle-to-grid, and hydrogen expand system flexibility beyond conventional batteries. However, the literature remains fragmented across planning and real-time control, physical and cyber resilience, technical optimization and market fairness, as well as simulation and field validation. The most defensible research gap is therefore not the absence of optimization algorithms, but insufficient end-to-end integration among co-design, uncertainty management, user behavior, lifecycle impacts, cybersecurity, and deployment constraints. A next-generation smart-microgrid framework is proposed to connect physical assets, sensing, forecasting, intelligent energy management, flexibility markets, multi-criteria objectives, and implementation feedback. Three linked priorities emerge: end-to-end multi-horizon co-design with degradation-aware flexibility, safe and explainable AI validated through HIL, field, and multi-site testing, and integrated physical-cyber resilience; market fairness and lifecycle governance are treated as cross-cutting constraints. ABSTRAK Penetrasi energi terbarukan yang semakin tinggi mengubah smart microgrid dari sistem pembangkitan lokal menjadi platform energi siber-fisik yang harus mengoordinasikan perencanaan, penyimpanan, beban fleksibel, kendaraan listrik, kopling multi-energi, interaksi pasar, resiliensi, dan kendali cerdas. Artikel ini mensintesis 56 rekaman terindeks Scopus periode 2024-2026 yang seluruhnya berasal dari file ekstraksi referensi yang disediakan, menggunakan tinjauan integratif terstruktur dan sintesis bukti tematik. Literatur dikelompokkan ke dalam enam frontier: co-design antara sizing dan energy management; portofolio fleksibilitas berbasis baterai, hidrogen, pumped hydro, shared storage, dan kendaraan listrik; koordinasi transaktif dan multi-microgrid; kendali sadar ketidakpastian dan kecerdasan buatan; resiliensi dan keamanan siber; serta kopling multi-energi. Bukti menunjukkan pergeseran dari sizing tekno-ekonomi yang terpisah menuju optimasi multi-objektif, multi-skala waktu, sadar degradasi, dan semakin adaptif. Studi terbaru juga menunjukkan bahwa strategi energy management dapat mengubah desain fisik optimal microgrid, sementara shared storage, peer-to-peer exchange, vehicle-to-grid, dan hidrogen memperluas fleksibilitas melampaui baterai konvensional. Meskipun demikian, literatur masih terfragmentasi antara perencanaan dan kendali real-time, resiliensi fisik dan siber, optimasi teknis dan fairness pasar, serta simulasi dan validasi lapangan. Gap utama bukan kekurangan algoritma optimasi, melainkan belum kuatnya integrasi end-to-end antara co-design, pengelolaan ketidakpastian, perilaku pengguna, dampak siklus hidup, cybersecurity, dan kendala implementasi. Review ini mengusulkan kerangka smart microgrid generasi berikutnya dan memprioritaskan tiga agenda yang saling terkait: co-design multi-horizon dengan valuasi fleksibilitas sadar degradasi, safe dan explainable AI yang divalidasi melalui HIL, lapangan, dan multi-lokasi, serta integrasi physical-cyber resilience; fairness pasar dan tata kelola siklus hidup diperlakukan sebagai constraint lintas tema.