<![CDATA[“Extrinsic tooth stains caused by the consumption of coffee, tea, and smoking habits can reduce dental aesthetics. One approach to help overcome this problem is the use of toothpaste containing natural active ingredients. Avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) contain various secondary metabolites that have the potential to be used as active ingredients in toothpaste preparations. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate toothpaste containing ethanol extract of avocado seeds and to determine the effectiveness of different extract concentrations in helping to remove extrinsic tooth stains in vitro. This experimental study included crude drug characterization, phytochemical screening, extraction of avocado seeds using the maceration method with 70% ethanol, formulation of toothpaste with extract concentrations of 3.25%, 6.25%, and 12.25%, and evaluation of the physical quality, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, foam height, and viscosity. The effectiveness of tooth stain removal was evaluated in vitro using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer by measuring the absorbance of the tooth stain washing solution. Phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of avocado seeds contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. All toothpaste formulations met the requirements for physical quality and stability evaluation. The cleansing test showed that F1 containing 3.25% avocado seed extract had the highest stain removal effectiveness at 48.36%, followed by F2 at 26.22% and F3 at 8.19%. Based on the results, ethanol extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) can be formulated into a toothpaste preparation that meets the requirements for physical quality and stability and has the potential to help remove extrinsic tooth stains. The F1 formulation containing 3.25% avocado seed extract demonstrated the best cleansing effectiveness in this study.”]]>
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