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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
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Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)" : 9 Documents clear
Protective effects of Nigella sativa against 7,12-dimethylbenz [á] anthracene (DMBA) induced carcinogenesis in rats Nur Fatmi Alisah; Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh; Heny Ekowati
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.88-95

Abstract

BackgroundLiver cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. Recently, natural products have been widely used as an alternative therapy for liver cancer. Previous studies have reported that Nigella sativa has chemopreventive activity in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a chloroform extract of Nigella sativa seeds (NSS) on female rat hepatocytes after administration of 7,12-dimethylbenz [á] anthracene (DMBA). MethodsThe experimental design comprised five groups of rats. Group I (DBMA control group) received oral DMBA at a dosage of 20 mg/kgBW twice weekly for five weeks, while group V (solvent control group) was given corn oil only. The other three groups received DMBA + NSS at dosages of 250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, and 750 mg/kgBW, respectively. Each group consisted 12 rats. The NSS extract dissolved in corn oil was administered daily by the oral route for 2 weeks before and subsequenyly during DMBA tumor induction. At the end of the study, rat livers were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and silver staining by the the AgNOR method. ResultsThere was a difference in liver tissue histopathological profile between the NSS, DMBA control, and the solvent control group. AgNOR counts in the DMBA control group, the DMBA+NSS 250 mg/kgBW group, DMBA+NSS 500 mg/kgBW group, and DMBA+NSS 750 mg/kgBW group were 1.79, 1.51, 1.41, and 1.35, respectively. ConclusionNigella sativa seed extract was able to reduce the liver damage and proliferation in rats induced by DMBA administration.
Random blood glucose level as predictor of cognitive impairment in elderly Amnur R. Kayo; Acitta Raras Wimala; Natalya Angela; Izzura binti Abdul Rashid
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.131-138

Abstract

Background     Nutritional deficits have been linked to poor cognitive function and are highly prevalent in the elderly. Several factors associated with cognitive function have been studied, but the results were inconclusive. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between blood glucose level and cognitive impairment in the elderly. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted and a total of 109 elderly were included in the study. Research subjects were selected using consecutive non-random sampling from the Tebet sub-district in South Jakarta. Random blood glucose level was assessed using glucose strips (Nesco). Cognitive function was measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in Elderly (IQCODE) questionnaire. The relationship between blood glucose levels and cognitive function was analyzed by means of multiple linear regression analysis. ResultsThe mean age of the elderly was 67.95 ± 6.42 years, length of formal education was 10.12 ± 5.88 years, and mean random blood glucose level was 137.41 ± 70.25 mg/dL. Multiple regression analysis showed that length of formal education (â= 0.769; p=0.000) and random blood glucose levels (â=0.016; p=0.014) were significantly associated with cognitive function. Conclusion Cognitive function is negatively affected by high blood glucose, thus random blood glucose level can be used to predict cognitive impairment.
Bone microstructure and atomic periodic disharmonization in osteoporosis Zairin Noor; Mohammad Hidayat; Agus Hadian Rahim; Sutiman B. Sumitro
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.96-104

Abstract

BackgroundBoth cortical and cancellous bone display a complex, porous microstructure whose properties depend on the macrostructure of bone as well as age and health of the individual. The aim of this study was to compare the microstructure and characteristics of mineral atoms in osteoporotic and normal bone. MethodsA prospective laboratory experimental study was conducted from August to December 2010 at several hospitals in Banjarmasin. Twenty patients with osteoporosis and twenty six normal patients were involved in this study. Bone obtained from surgery was analyzed for microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while mapping of mineral atoms was performed by means of SEM-Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDAX) at the Brawijaya University, Malang.     ResultsThe osteoporotic subjects with mean age of 64.65 ± 16.41 years were older than the normal bone subjects with mean age of 39.38 ± 17.16 years. The body mass index was similar in both groups of subjects. From SEM-EDAX results, three patterns of mineral atoms were apparent in osteoporotic and normal bone. In osteoporotic bone, these patterns were indicative of a disordered substitution or incorporation process. SEM results showed degeneration of microarchitecture (resorption cavities, perforations, and prominent granules) in osteoporotic but not in normal bone. There was a significant difference in microstructure between osteoporotic and normal bone, which was caused by differences in atomic properties.    ConclusionsMicrostructural abnormalities of bone and disharmonization of mineral atoms in the periodic system were found in osteoporosis.
Antagonism of vitamin C and vitamin E on action of quinolones Julius E. Surdjawidjaja
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.71-72

Abstract

The quinolone antibiotics are potent drugs for combating infections caused by various bacterial species with satisfactory results and relatively minimal adverse effects. Antioxidant dietary supplements, such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (a-tocopherol), are occasionally prescribed along with quinolone antibiotics during the course of treatment of an infection. Therefore it is important to understand the effects of these antioxidants on the antibacterial action of quinolone antibiotics.
Validity of pleural lactate dehydrogenase measurements in assessment of pleural effusions Elisna Syahruddin; Lia G. Partakusuma; Rita Khairani
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.105-112

Abstract

Background Pleural effusions are classified into transudates and exudates based on Light’s criteria, but the main disadvantage of Light’s criteria is the misclassification of transudates as exudates in about 20% of cases. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of various biochemical parameters to differentiate pleural exudates and transudates.MethodsAn observational study to evaluate diagnostics tests was conducted at the emergency department of Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, from September 2010 until December 2011. In total, 119 patients with pleural effusion were evaluated. Simultaneous pleural effusion and blood samples were examined for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein, cholesterol and albumin, with the clinical diagnosis as the gold standard. ResultsThere were 104 exudative and 15 transudative pleural effusions. Light’s criteria achieved a higher overall accuracy (sensitivity 97%, specificity 80%, accuracy 95%). The optimum cut off values were pleural fluid to serum ratio of LDH 0.4 (sensitivity 95%, specificity 87%, accuracy 94%) and pleural fluid LDH of 178 IU/L (sensitivity 92%, specificity 87%, accuracy 92%). Pleural fluid cholesterol was 50 mg/dL (sensitivity 89%, specificity 53%, accuracy 85%), pleural fluid to serum cholesterol ratio 0.41 (sensitivity 75%, specificity 53%, accuracy 72%) and serum-effusion albumin gradient 1.3 g/dL (sensitivity 91%, specificity 73%, accuracy 89%). Combination of biochemical tests did not improve sensitivity or accuracy.ConclusionsLight’s criteria remain superior to other biochemical tests, but the new cut off values of LDH pleural fluid to serum ratio of 0.4 and pleural fluid LDH of 178 IU/L appears to yield a slight improvement in diagnostic accuracy.
Curcumin inhibits luteal cell steroidogenesis by suppression of extracellular signal regulated kinase Endang Purwaningsih; Sri Kadarsih Soejono; Djaswadi Dasuki; Edy Meiyanto
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.73-80

Abstract

BackgroundCurcumin inhibits steroidogenesis in luteal cell cultures by inhibiting progesterone secretion. The site of action of curcumin on steroidogenesis in luteal cell cultures is as yet unkown. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of curcumin on phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in steroidogenesis of luteal cell cultures.     Methods An experimental study with control was conducted to investigate the site of action of curcumin by measurement of ERK phosphorylation in luteal cell cultures (LCC) after administration of luteinizing hormone (LH) and/or prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2á). The subjects of this study were luteal cell cultures derived from the corpus luteum of Sprague Dawley rat with superovulation induced by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. The luteal cell cultures were devided into 16 groups, both with and without the addition of forskolin and each group contained 4 replicates samples. Curcumin was administered immediately following LH and/or PGF2á stimulation with or without addition of forskolin. The cell culture was then incubated for 24 h. ERK phosphorylation was measured by immunohistochemistry. Data on ERK phosphorylation was analyzed using one-way Anova, followed by multiple comparison tests.     ResultsLH significantly increased ERK phosphorylation, whereas PGF2á significantly reduced ERK phosphorylation. Forskolin significantly increased ERK phosphorylation to a similar degree as LH. Curcumin inhibited ERK phosphorylation in both LH and forskolin-stimulated luteal cell cultures. ConclusionCurcumin inhibits ERK phosphorylation in luteal cell cultures by suppressing signal transduction upstream of ERK.
High free testosterone index increases lung function in adult males Martiem Mawi; Rully Ayu Nirmalasari
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.113-119

Abstract

BackgroundIncreasing age and decreased testosterone concentrations in males influence muscle strength and muscle mass, particularly in skeletal muscle. There have been few studies on decreased lung function resulting from reduced mass and strength of respiratory muscles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of an association between free testosterone index (FTI) and lung function in males aged between 40 and 80 years.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 167 males aged between 40 and 80 years in Cilandak subdistrict, South Jakarta. Total serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) using Roche Elecsys Reagent Kit Cat 11776061 and Elecsys 2010 reagent (Cobas e601), respectively FTI was calculated using the formula free testosterone/SHBG x 100%. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (VEP1) was assessed by means of an AS 500 spirometer. ResultsMean age of the subjects was 53.32 ± 8.26 years, mean total serum testosterone concentration was 532.59 ± 206.92 ng/dL, mean SHBG concentration 41.26 ± 21.14 nmol/L, mean FTI 48.22 ± 14.34 %, and mean VEP1 was 1.63 ± 0.54 L. There was a significant association between both SHBG and FTI on the one hand and VEP1 on the other, with Pearson correlation coefficients of -0.199 (p=0.010) and 0.271 (p=0.000), respectively. Linear multiple regression analysis indicated that FTI was the most influential variable on lung function (VEP1), higher FTI values indicating higher VEP1 (â=0.008: p=0.004).ConclusionIn males aged 40-80 years, higher FTI values indicate better lung function as determined by means of VEP1.
Catechins inhibit atherosclerosis in male rats on a high fat diet Erna Susanti; Achmad Rudijanto; Retty Ratnawati
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.81-87

Abstract

BackgroundA catechin isolate from the green tea clone GMB 4, which shows antioxidant activity, may be a candidate drug for prevention of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of catechin on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and p110 phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor (PI3K) expression and on p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity in male rats fed a high fat diet.MethodsTwenty five male Wistar rats were divided into the following five groups: rats on standard diet; rats on high fat diet; rats on high fat diet + catechin 3 mg/day; rats on high fat diet + catechin 6 mg/day; and rats on high fat diet + catechin 24 mg/day. eNOS and p110 PI3K expression and p38 MAPK activity were measured by means of ELISA. ResultsHigh fat diet significantly increased eNOS expression, decreased p110 PI3K expression, and increased p38 MAPK activity in male rats, in comparison with standard diet (p<0.05). Administration of 3 mg/day catechin decreased eNOS expression compared to that in the high fat diet group without catechin (p<0.05). The administration of catechin increased p100 PI3K expression to a similar extent as that in the high fat diet groups with catechin 6 mg/day and 24 mg/day. Administration of catechin at all doses decreased p38 MAPK activity to the level of the standard diet group. ConclusionsHigh fat diet increases eNOS expression, decreases PI3K expression, and increases p38 MAPK activity. Administration of catechin decreases eNOS expression, increases PI3K expression, and decreases p38 MAPK activity.
Soy isoflavone supplementation increases equol-producing capability in postmenopausal women with osteopenia Elly Herwana; Rianto Setiabudy; Sidartawan Soegondo; Ali Baziad; Adi Hidayat
Universa Medicina Vol. 31 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2012.v31.120-130

Abstract

Background Isoflavone containing soy protein has been associated with beneficial health effects. Equol, a gut bacterial metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein, has been hypothesized to be the cause of the effectiveness of isoflavones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 100 mg/day soy isoflavone supplementation for 3 months on the ability to produce equol in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.MethodA pre-post experimental study was conducted to assess the effects of 100 mg/day soy isoflavone supplementation on equol production capability and the proportion of equol producers to non-equol producers in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. A total of 39 subjects received 1 supplement tablet containing 100 mg soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein) for 3 months. Determination of serum genistein, daidzein, and equol concentrations was performed twice at baseline and at 3 months post-supplementation using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometry (HPLC-MS). Equol producer status was determined by the detection of a serum equol concentration of 5 µg/L.Results Mean genistein and daidzein concentrations at baseline were 86.2 ± 68.4 ìg/L and 16.7 ± 18.6 ìg/L, respectively. The proportion of equol producers was 69.2%. After 3 months of soy isoflavone supplementation the serum concentrations of genistein and daidzein significantly increased to 161.0 ± 5.8 ìg/L (p=0.000) and 49.9 ± 40.4 ìg/L (p=0.000), respectively, and the proportion of equol producers also significantly increased (100.0%).ConclusionSoy isoflavone supplementation was capable of increasing the serum concentrations of isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) and the equol-producing capacity of postmenopausal women with osteopenia.

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