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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
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Articles 10 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)" : 10 Documents clear
Mean platelet volume increases in proliferative retinopathy among diabetes mellitus subjects Mardiya Sari; Dharma Lindarto; Dairion Gatot
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.43-48

Abstract

BACKGROUND Mean platelet volume (MPV) shows the average size of platelets in the circulation and can be used to assess the activity of platelets. Increased of MPV can be sign of atherotrombosis and can be used to assess the risk of vascular complications such as retinopathy diabetic (RD). The aim of this study was to determine correlation between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), MPV with degree of retinopathy in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. METHODS A cross sectional study from June until July 2013 was conducted involving 77 DM subjects. Anamnesis, laboratory examination and funduscopy had been done in all subjects. One way ANOVA was used to assess the differences between MPV with other parameters to the degree of retinopathy and continued with Bonferroni test to assess the differences between the degree of retinopathy with the parameters that significantly different in one way ANOVA. RESULTS One way ANOVA showed significance difference of mean MPV between normal funduscopy group compared than proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (9.57 ± 0.63 fl vs 10.45 ± 0.51 fl, p=0.044). PDR group were older (p=0.001), longer suffered from DM (p=0.001) and hypertension (p=0.011). Bonferroni test showed no significance difference of mean MPV between normal funduscopy versus non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (p=0.290) and NPDR versus PDR (p=0.409). CONCLUSION There was a significance differences between MPV with the degree of retinopathy. Platelets may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular complications and that MPV can be used as simple parameter to assess the vascular events in DM.
Annona muricata aqueous extract suppresses T47D breast cancer cell proliferation Ika Fidianingsih; Ety Sari Handayani
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.19-26

Abstract

BackgroundCancer is a dreadful disease caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division. Annona muricata L, also known as soursop, is useful as an anticancer herbal medication since its leaves, seeds and fruits contain active compounds called annonaceous acetogenins. The objective of this study was to scientifically justify the traditional application of soursop for anticancer treatment in the community, by comparing the antiproliferative effect of Annona muricata L leaf, seed and fruit aqueous extracts on T47D breast cancer cells. Methods     This study used an experimental post test trial with control group design. Infusions of soursop leaves, seeds, and fruits collected from Kaliurang, Sleman district, Yogyakarta were used for cytotoxicity tests on T47D cells, in comparison with tamoxifen as standard cancer therapy. Proliferative inhibition was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay. The parameter of proliferative inhibition was IC50 which is defined as 50% proliferative inhibition ability of soursop and tamoxifen. Significant differences between groups were determined at p<0.05 by Kruskal-Wallis test. ResultsThe leaves, fruits, and seeds Annona muricata and tamoxifen were proven to be able to inhibit T47D cell proliferation. The IC50 of Annona muricata leaf, seed, fruit aqueous extracts and tamoxifen were 31,384.21 µg/ml; 1.528,800 µg/ml; 329,194.81 µg/ml and 114.52 µg/ml, respectively (p=0.016). The IC50 of Annona muricata aqueous extract was significantly different from that of tamoxifen.ConclusionsThe proliferative inhibition of soursop leaves against T47D breast cancer cells is higher than that of soursop fruits and seeds. Annona muricata fruit, seed, and leaf aqueous extracts were less toxic than tamoxifen
Multiple human papilloma virus infections predominant in squamous cell cervical carcinoma in Bandung Edhyana Sahiratmadja; Maringan D.L Tobing; Birgitta M Dewayani; Bethy S Hernowo; Herman Susanto
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.58-64

Abstract

BACKGROUND Persistent infection of high risk genotypes of human papilloma virus (hrHPV) has been established as the etiological cause for cervical cancer, and the most prevalent genotypes that infect the cervical tissue are HPV-16 and HPV-18. However, HPV genotype profile has been shown to differ according to geographical distribution across the globe. The present study aimed to determine the HPV genotype distribution in cervical cancer patients from Bandung, Indonesia. METHODS During the period of July – November 2010 viral DNA was extracted from randomly chosen cervical cancer biopsies and subjected to genotype determination using the diagnostic linear array genotyping test (Roche). The distribution of HPV genotypes was explored and the prevalence of HPV genotypes was mapped. RESULTS Of 96 cervical cancer tissue samples, 76 (79.2%) were histopathologically classified as squamous cell cervical carcinoma. Due to the high cost of HPV genotyping tests, only twenty-five samples were randomly genotyped. Almost 90% of the cervical cancer patients were multiply infected with HPV-16 in combination with HPV-18, HPV-45, or HPV-52. The HPV-16 genotype had the highest prevalence, all samples being infected with HPV-16. CONCLUSION The cervical cancer cases were predominantly infected by multiple hrHPVs with HPV-16 as the major genotype among other hrHPVs, supporting the carcinogenic role of this hrHPV. Therefore, screening for hrHPVs in the general population is urgently needed as a means of early detection of cervical cancer.
Jatropha curcas leaves exert anti-arthritic activity on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh; Sobri Iskandar; Eka Prasasti Nur Rachmani; Triana Hertiani; Zullies Ikawati
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.3-10

Abstract

BACKGROUNDJatropha curcas leaves have been proven to be anti-inflammatory andantioxidant. In this study we examined the antiarthritic effects of ethanolicextract of J. curcas leaves using adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) in rats.METHODSMale Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=8), consisting of normal group (0.9% NaCl), control group (complete Freund’s adjuvant/CFA 1 mg/ml), sodium diclofenac group at a dose of 6.75 mg/kg (p.o), ethanolic extract of J.curcas groups at doses of 150 mg/kg (p.o), 300 mg/kg (p.o) and 600 mg/kg (p.o). Each group was induced by 0.2 ml CFA on day 1 and a booster injection on day.5. Extracts of J. curcas were administered on days 14-28. Arthritic scores weredetermined, then analyzed using Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann Whitneytests. Mobility scores were analyzed using one way analysis of variance, followed by least significant difference multiple comparison test. Arthritic jointhistopathology was observed on day 29.RESULTSThe results showed that the ethanolic extract of J. curcas leaves at doses of150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg significantly reduced arthritis scores(p<0.05) compared to control group (CFA). The J. curcas leaf extract at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg BW decreased mobility scores. Histopathology studies showed that the J. curcas extract reduced edema and cartilage destruction in arthritic joints.CONCLUSIONSThe J. curcas leaf extract had anti-arthritic effects by reducing arthritis scoresand mobility scores. The extract should be further examined as a potentialcandidate for anti-arthritic therapies.
Paradoxical sleep deprivation decreases serum testosterone and Leydig cells in male rats Fitranto Arjadi; Sri Kadarsih Soejono; Mulyono Pangestu
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.27-35

Abstract

BACKGROUND Chronic stress increases glucocorticoid levels and accelerates reduction in Leydig cells functions and numbers. Chronic stress models in the working place comprise sleep deprivation, sedentary stress, and physical stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various work stress models, such as stress from paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD), immobilization, and footshock, on serum testosterone levels and number of Leydig cells in male albino rats. METHODS This study was of experimental randomized post-test only with control group design using 24 male Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The sample was divided into 4 groups: K1 (control), K2 (PSD), K3 (immobilization) and K4 (footshock), receiving treatment for 25 days. Measured parameters were serum testosterone level and Leydig cell number. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, followed by post hoc LSD. RESULTS Mean serum testosterone levels (0.07 ± 0.08 ng/ml) and Leydig cell numbers (4.22 ± l0.96) were lowest in the PSD stress model. Serum testosterone levels differed significantly between controls and PSD group (p=0.014), while there was a significant difference in numbers of Leydig cells between footshock stress and PSD (p=0.011) and between the three stress groups and controls (p=0.006). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that PSD, immobilization and footshock stress significantly decreased serum testosterone levels and number of Leydig cells in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The mechanism by which PSD affects serum testosterone is still unclear.
Glycated albumin for glycemic control of diabetic patients on hemodialysis Alvina Alvina
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.1-2

Abstract

Regular assessment of glycemic control in diabetic patients is very important, because it reduces the incidence of complications and determines prognosis and quality of life of the patients.(1) Uncontrolled and advanced diabetes may lead to complications, such as kidney disease, heart attacks, and stroke, which are on the increase worldwide. Patients with diabetic nephropathy account for almost 50% of dialysis patients in the US, while cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death of patients with complicated diabetes.(2)
Decreased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in elderly men with early nuclear cataract Rose Rose; Erlani Kartadinata
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.65-72

Abstract

BACKGROUND Imbalance between oxidative processes and antioxidant defenses has been considered to play a role in cataractogenesis, particularly in diabetes patients. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important precursor for oxidative stress in the human lens, and its activity is mainly dependent on the copper and zinc levels in the body. The aim of this study was to compare erythrocyte SOD, erythrocyte zinc and total serum testosterone levels in male patients with early senile nuclear cataract and evaluate the correlations between the parameters in all subjects. METHODS A community-based study of cross-sectional design was conducted at Cilandak District Primary Health Center where 52 adult and 17 elderly men with early senile nuclear cataract were chosen as the study subjects. Erythrocyte SOD, erythrocyte zinc, serum testosterone, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured in all subjects. Nuclear cataract stage was assessed with the Pentacam® instrument (Oculus, Germany). Independent Student t test and Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze the results. RESULTS Erythrocyte SOD level was significantly decreased in elderly men compared to adult men (p=0.014). Erythrocyte zinc, serum testosterone and FBG did not differ significantly in adult and elderly males (at p=0.304; p=0.145;and p=0.376, respectively). Erythrocyte SOD activity was significantly associated with erythrocyte zinc level (r=0.486; p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS Lower erythrocyte SOD activity was found in elderly males than in adult males with early nuclear cataract. There was a relationship between erythrocyte SOD and erythrocyte zinc level in elderly males with early nuclear cataract.
Creatine kinase increases in adults with uncontrolled hypertension Andy Luman; Abdurrahim Rasyid Lubis
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.36-42

Abstract

BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of uncomplicated, treated primary hypertensive patients have failure of hypertension treatment. The enzyme creatine kinase (CK) regenerates adenosine triphosphate in striated muscle, myocardium and blood vessels. Several studies showed that serum CK was found to be a predictor of blood pressure in the general population. High tissue CK precedes hypertension in populations with high hypertension risk. The hypothesis of this study was to examine that CK increases in uncontrolled hypertension subjects. METHODS A cross-sectional study from November until December 2013 was conducted in 82 adult hypertensive patients with mean age of 61.96 ± 10.76 years. Patients’ histories were taken and their blood pressure and body mass index were measured. Serum was analyzed for serum CK, random blood glucose and lipid profile. Independent t test and Mann Whitney was used to assess differences in mean CK and other variables between hypertension categories. Chi-square test was also used to assess differences between CK tertiles and status of hypertension. RESULTS There was a significant difference in mean CK between controlled hypertension (81.83 ± 29.70 U/L) and uncontrolled hypertension groups (132.17 ± 55.91 U/ L). The number of subjects in the high CK tertile (>109.33 U/L) was significantly higher in the uncontrolled hypertension group (81.5%), compared with the controlled hypertension group (18.5%) (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION Creatine kinase level increases in adults with uncontrolled hypertension. Measuring serum levels of creatine kinase may help doctors to spot patients whose hypertension will be difficult to treat.
Zinc supplementation decreases basophilic stippling in rats exposed to lead Budi Santosa; Hertanto Wahyu Subagio; Lisyani Suratmo; Henna Rya Sunoko
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.11-18

Abstract

BACKGROUND Lead acetate inhibits pyrimidine-5’-nucleotidase resulting in ribonucleic acid and ribosome accumulation in erythrocytes (RBC), visible as basophilic stippling (BS). Lead exposure disrupts RBC membrane, shortens the RBC life span and decreases hematocrit. Zinc supplementation increases lead-binding proteins (metallothioneins). The study objective was to determine whether zinc supplementation prior to lead exposure decreases BS and increases the hematocrit in rats. METHODS The study was a randomized post-test only control-group trial, using 28 rats allocated to one control and 3 intervention groups (Zinc I, Zinc II, Zinc III) receiving 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, and 0.8 mg of zinc by oral gavage daily for 3 weeks. All groups were then exposed to lead at 0.5 g/kg BW/day by gavage for 10 weeks. On the last day of the 10 weeks BS was determined from Giemsastained blood smears and hematocrit by hematology analyzer. Between-group differences were tested with one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s test. RESULTS Mean BS was significantly decreasing 7.93 ± 0.99% in controls, 6.91 ± 1.04%, 4.66 ± 0.79%, and 1.73 ± 0.88%, respectively, in intervention groups (p=0.000). Mean hematocrit was significantly increasing 26.16 ± 3.60% in controls, and 30.33 ± 6.12%, 36.83 ± 3.31%, and 40.00 ± 4.77%, respectively, in intervention groups (p=0.000). One-way Anova and Bonferroni’s test showed significant differences in BS and hematocrit between controls and intervention groups receiving zinc supplementation of 0.4 and 0.8 mg (p=0.000). CONCLUSION Zinc supplementation before lead exposure significantly decreases basophilic stippling and increases hematocrit level in rats exposed to lead
Subtypes and phylogenetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Jayapura Mirna Widiyanti; Tri Wibawa; Holy Arif Wibowo
Universa Medicina Vol. 33 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.49-57

Abstract

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects human immune system. HIV is genetically differentiated into HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV- 1 is classified into 3 groups : M,N and O. M Group is divided into 9 subtypes, namely : A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J and K. HIV subtype mapping would become a good reference to study the epidemiology of HIV-1. HIV phylogenetic analysis required to understand virus origin, geographical distribution and tracking parameter of HIV transmission process in sample area. The objective of this study was to determine HIV-1 subtype distribution and the relationship between HIV-1 subtypes from with genBank HIV isolate based on envelope gene fragment. METHODS A cross setional design was conducted involving 36 subjects in Jayapura between January to March 2013. Blood samples were taken and analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nested PCR and confirmed with sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis performed along 400 bp of envelope gene fragment. The data were analyzed with Bioedit ver.7 and MEGA 5.1. software. RESULT Two types of HIV-1 subtype were found in Jayapura Regency. CRF01_AE was confirmed in 31 patients (86.1%) and subtype B in 5 patients (13.9%). Phylogenetic analysis showed phylogenetic relationship between CRF01_AE from jayapura with subtype from Singapore and Thailand, while subtype B from Jayapura were closely related with subtype from United States and United Kingdom CONCLUSION This study reflect the independent introduction of multiple HIV-1 strains into Papua, with the rapid spread in the majority of infected patients tested of single strain of HIV-1 (CRF01_AE).

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