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Universa Medicina
Published by Universitas Trisakti
ISSN : 19073062     EISSN : 24072230     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Universa Medicina (univ.med) is a four-monthly medical journal that publishes new research findings on a wide variety of topics of importance to biomedical science and clinical practice. Universa Medicina Online contains both the current issue and an online archive that can be accessed through browsing, advanced searching, or collections by disease or topic
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 635 Documents
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Efficacy and safety of sustained-release intraocular drug therapy for glaucoma: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials Rizki Oktabiriya; Sahilah Ermawati; Rizqi Aji Prasetyo
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): Ahead of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.%p

Abstract

BACKGROUNDGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Although intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction remains the cornerstone of treatment, limitations of long-term topical therapy, including poor adherence and ocular surface complications, have increased interest in sustained-release intraocular drug delivery systems. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy and safety of sustained-release intraocular implants in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODSA systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCT) published between January 2021 and September 2025. Double-blind RCT were selected according to PRISMA guidelines and appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Data were synthesized narratively. Four RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included. The studies evaluated travoprost and bimatoprost intracameral implants with follow-up durations of 12-36 months. RESULTSAll studies demonstrated significant IOP reduction and non-inferiority to timolol. Least-squares mean diurnal IOP reduction ranged from −5.4 to −8.5 mmHg with travoprost implants and −6.2 to −7.8 mmHg with bimatoprost implant. The proportion of patients remaining free from adjunctive topical therapy ranged from 63% to 81%. Adverse events were generally mild and transient. However, travoprost implants showed no clinically significant corneal endothelial cell loss (CECL), whereas bimatoprost implant resulted in CECL ≥ 20% in 8.1% (10 µg) and 24.4% (15 µg) of patients, leading to restriction of single administration per eye. CONCLUSIONSustained-release intraocular implants provide effective and durable IOP reduction while potentially improving treatment adherence. However, implant selection should consider ocular anatomy and corneal endothelial safety.
Effect of low-level laser therapy on nerve regeneration in median nerve-injured rats Dhanusia Suresh; Prathap Sunganthirababu; Manoj M; Monishaa B; Suriya N; Priyadharshini Kumar; Vanitha Jayaraj; Kezia Jenny VM
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): Ahead of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.344-354

Abstract

BackgroundMedian nerve injury can result in persistent sensory and motor deficits despite surgical repair. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) promotes neuroregeneration through photobiomodulation; however, evidence in median nerve injury models remains limited. This study evaluated the effect of LLLT on functional and molecular recovery following median nerve injury in Wistar rats. MethodsA randomized controlled study was conducted using twelve Wistar rats assigned to control (n=6) and LLLT (n=6) groups. A standardized median nerve crush injury was induced under anaesthesia. LLLT was initiated on day 1 post-injury and administered six days per week for three weeks, while the control group recovered without treatment. Functional recovery was assessed using grooming, rotarod, von Frey, and hot plate tests. Gene expression was analyzed using RT-PCR. Independent T-test and Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was applied for rotarod, von Frey and hot plate outcomes, while grooming scores were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U tests. ResultsBetween-group comparisons of grooming scores using the Mann–Whitney U test showed no statistically significant differences after Bonferroni correction. Independent-samples t-tests demonstrated significantly greater improvement in the low-level laser therapy group than the control group at Day 14 and post-intervention for the von Frey, rotarod, and hot plate tests (p<0.05). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA demonstrated significant time, treatment, and time × treatment interaction effects for all three outcome measures (p<0.05). ConclusionLow-level laser therapy enhanced functional and molecular recovery after median nerve injury, supporting its potential as a non-invasive adjunct for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Effects of arm ability training versus task-oriented training on dexterity, functional ability, and quality of life in subacute stroke survivors: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial Mythili D.; Kotteeswaran K.; Balchandar V.
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): Ahead of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.355-363

Abstract

BACKGROUNDStroke is a worldwide health issue, with the loss of upper limb function along with diminished cognitive function. Post stroke, more than 2/3 of the patients have impairment in the motor function of the upper limb. As a result, there will be difficulty in performing activities of daily living. Hence, this study focused on comparing the effects of arm ability training (AAT) and task oriented training (TOT) on improving dexterity, functional ability, and quality of life  in subacute stroke survivors.  METHODS This was a randomized clinical study involving 210 sub-acute stroke patients. They were randomized into group A (n=105) receiving arm-ability training, and group B (n=105) receiving task-orientated training. Both groups received treatment 5 days a week, for 3 weeks. The outcome measures included the modified standardized nine-hole peg test (mS-NHPT). Graded Wolf Motor Function Test (gWMFT) and 12-item Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale Questionnaire (SS-QoL-12). The independent t - test and the Chi Square test of independence for gender variance were used for statistical analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTSBaseline assessment observed no statistically significant difference between groups for AAT and TOT (p>0.05). AAT exhibited significant improvements over TOT in terms of mS-NHPT, gWMFT (FAS, PT), and SS-QOL-12 (p<0.0001) among sub acute stroke survivors. CONCLUSIONThis study provides support for the superior efficacy of AAT than TOT in dexterity, functional ability and quality of life among subacute stroke survivors. These beneficial effects were observed after 3 weeks of training.
Stress hyperglycemia ratio outperforms admission blood glucose in predicting in-hospital mortality among type 2 diabetes patients in emergency department Melvin Andrean; Nabil Mubtadi Falah
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): Ahead of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.364-373

Abstract

BACKGROUNDAdmission blood glucose is routinely used to assess diabetic patients in the emergency department (ED), but it cannot distinguish chronic from acute stress-induced hyperglycemia. The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), derived by dividing admission glucose by the HbA1c-estimated average glucose, adjusts for the patient's chronic glycemic baseline and may more accurately capture acute metabolic stress. This study aimed to determine the discriminative performance of SHR versus admission blood glucose in predicting mortality among type 2 diabetes patients. METHODSA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 200 adults with type 2 diabetes and admission glucose ≥200 mg/dL. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes were ICU/HCU admission, composite adverse outcome, and prolonged hospital length of stay. Multivariable logistic regression and ROC curve analyses were performed to evaluate the independent associations and compare the discriminative ability of SHR and admission blood glucose using AUC. RESULTSAmong 200 participants (mean age 57.6±10.2 years; mean SHR 1.5±0.59), 41(20.5%) died and 50(25.0%) experienced composite adverse outcomes. SHR was independently associated with mortality (AOR 3.25; 95%CI 1.44–7.32; p=0.004) and composite adverse outcome (AOR 3.21; 95%CI 1.45–7.10; p=0.004), while admission glucose was not significantly associated with any outcome. SHR outperformed admission glucose in discriminating mortality (AUC 0.734 vs 0.567) and composite adverse outcome (AUC 0.714 vs 0.542). Neither predictor significantly discriminated ICU/HCU admission or prolonged LOS. CONCLUSIONSHR outperforms admission blood glucose in predicting mortality and adverse outcomes in hyperglycemic ED patients with type 2 diabetes. Routine SHR calculation at ED admission may support early risk stratification in high-risk populations.
Evaluation of factors affecting success rate of open nephrolithotomy in adult patients Fauriski Febrian Prapiska; Ahmad Ma&#039;ruf Muttaqin Aminanto; Andri Kusuma Harmaya
Universa Medicina Vol. 45 No. 3 (2026): Ahead of Print
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18051/UnivMed.2026.v45.374-381

Abstract

BackgroundIndonesia has a high incidence of kidney stone disease. Endoscopic procedures are the preferred first-line treatment, but' nephrolithotomy remains an option for large or complex staghorn calculi, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine factors associated with the success rate of open nephrolithotomy at a single tertiary center.  MethodsThis retrospective study included 92 adults who underwent open nephrolithotomy at Wonogiri Regional General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. We analyzed demographic, laboratory, stone-related, and operative variables. Stone characteristics were assessed on preoperative non-contrast CT. Success was defined as complete stone clearance or residual fragments <4 mm on plain abdominal radiography (Blaas Nieren Overzicht, BNO) (KUB) on postoperative day 1. Associations were tested with simple binary logistic regression. Variables with p<0.25 were entered in a multiple logistic regression model.  ResultsAmong the 92 patients, 59 were men and 33 were women, with a mean age of 53.25 ± 10.25 years. Surgery succeeded in 69 patients (75.0%), and complications occurred in 14 (15.2%). In simple logistic regression, female gender (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.06–11.20; p=0.040) and multiple stones (OR 0.026, 95% CI 0.003–0.203; p=0.001) were associated with success. In multiple logistic regression, only stone number remained independently associated with success (aOR 0.029, 95% CI 0.004–0.230; p=0.001). ConclusionStone number was the only independent factor associated with the success of open nephrolithotomy. Patients with multiple stones had lower odds of success. This should guide preoperative planning and counseling.

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