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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
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Articles 18 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON" : 18 Documents clear
Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Covid-19 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Periode Januari-Maret 2021 Christian Aseng; Weny Wiyono; Meilani Jayanti
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42200

Abstract

Covid-19 adalah penyakit infeksi jenis baru yang disebabkan oleh virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan dan kuantitas penggunaan antibiotik yang diberikan pada pasien Covid-19 di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari-Maret 2021. Didapatkan sebanyak 60 sampel rekam medis, kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan metode ATC/DDD. Didapat 7 jenis antibiotik yang diberikan pada pasien Covid-19 yaitu  Azitromisin (51,72%), Seftriakson (22,99%), Levofloksasin (17,24%), Sefadroksil (2,30%), Meropenem (2,30%), Moksifloksasin (2,30%) dan Siprofloksasin (1,15%). Diperoleh nilai total DDD/100 pasien-hari sebesar 97,36 DDD/100 pasien-hari, antibiotik Azitromisin memiliki nilai DDD/100 hari-pasien tertinggi sebesar 44,54 DDD/100 pasien-hari, dan antibiotik yang masuk dalam segmen 90% adalah Azitromisin (45,75%), Seftriakson (29,85%) dan Levofloksasin (16,02%).
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SUANGGI LEMON PEEL Citrus limon L. Rizya Marchilia Mamahit; Fatimawali Fatimawali; Meilani Jayanti
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42204

Abstract

ABSTRACTSuanggi lemon peel is a plant that is often used as a traditional health therapy. The outer skin of the lemon suanggi (Citrus Limon L.) is rich in oil glands, bright yellow in color with a distinctive and fresh citrus aroma. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the class of flavonoid compounds from the rind of lemon suanggi (citrus limon L.) by using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer method. The rind of the suanggi lemon was extracted by maceration method using 95% ethanol as solvent which resulted in a thick extract of suanggi lemon rind. Isolation was carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC) method with Chloroform: n-hexane (4:2) as the eluent. The fourth spot from the result of Thin Layer Chromatography was positive for containing flavonoid compounds. From the spectrum of the UV-Vis spectrophotometer, it can be assumed that the flavonoid compound is a flavonol group, which can be seen from its wavelength range, which is between 200- 500 nm from its wavelength range of 366 nm.Keywords: lemon suanggi, flavonoids, thin layer chromatography, UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Areca Vestiaria Leaves (Areca vestiaria) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria Wiranatika Jhonatan Sangkoy; Herny Simbala; Erladys Rumondor
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42307

Abstract

WIRANATIKA SANGKOY. Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Areca Vestiaria Leaves (Areca vestiaria) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Under the guidance of HERNY EI SIMBALA as a leader and ERLADYS RUMONDOR as a member.One of the native plants of Indonesia that is widespread in several areas in Indonesia that has the potential to be developed in research testing antibacterial activity is the areca yaki leaf plant. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of areca yaki (Areca vestiaria) leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60%. This research was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer method. From the results of this study, the data obtained that concentrations of 20%, 40%, and 60% of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria are concentrations that are included in the moderate group, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 20% is included in the strong group and 40% and 60% are only included in the moderate group.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TOXICITY TEST OF MANGROVE LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) WITH BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT) METHOD Friyan Criscanus Manopo; Fatimawali Fatimawali; Olvie Datu
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42848

Abstract

Cancer is one of the biggest causes of death in the world. Therefore, efforts to manufacture drugs for cancer treatment continue to be developed. One of the efforts to develop cancer drugs is by using medicinal plants which are empirically used by local communities in various regions. This study aims to analyze the content of secondary metabolites contained in the leaf extract of the Mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and to determine the potential as an anticancer by determining the LC50 value. The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent, identification of secondary metabolites by phytochemical screening and to determine the anticancer potential using the BSLT method with data analysis using Microsoft Excel. The phytochemical test results showed that the leaf extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and did not contain steroid/triterpenoid compounds. The results of the analysis showed that the ethanol extract of mangrove leaf (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) was highly toxic with an LC50 value of 24.1 µg/ml. 
POTENTIAL OF RED FRUIT (PANDANUS CONOIDEUS CAROTEN LAMK) PAPUA BASED ON LITERATURE REVIEW Hermelina Yosephina Burdam; Herny Simbala; Erladys Rumondor
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42896

Abstract

                              ABSTRACRed fruit plant (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) Papua. is an endemic plant that can grows in almost all areas of Papua, from the lowlands to the highlands. Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lamk,) belongs to the Pandanus family. This plant is widely available Find in Papua, Papua New Guinea, And This Research Aims To know the potential of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) Papua based on literature review, research It Uses Qualitative Descriptive Method Aims to Draw, Describe, Explain, Explain, and answer in detail the research results. Based on literature review, red fruit has potential As Socio-Economic Value, As Traditional Medicine, Cure Cancer And tumors, HIV/Aids,High Blood Pressure, Gout, Stroke, Eye Disorders, Osteoporosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Increases Sperm Production in Men, Increases Intelligence, As a Food Source, As Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory Antibacterial Cardiovascular, Hypertension 
FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF TOOTHPASTE ETHYL ASETATE FRACTION OF LEILEM LEAVES (Clerodendrum minahassae L.) AGAINTS Streptococcus mutans Anggun Ciquita Nichelse Egam; Hosea Edy; Surya Sumantri Abdullah
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42906

Abstract

Leilem leaves (Clerodendrum minahassae L.) is one type of plant that can be used as an antibacterial because it contains active chemical compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. This study aimed to formulate the ethyl acetate fraction of leilem leaves toothpaste that is physically good and to obtain the optimum toothpaste inhibition with dosage concentrations of 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% against the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This research uses laboratory experimental method. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction toothpaste preparation filled the physical evaluation requirements, that is organoleptic, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion and pH. The antibacterial activity testing of the leilem leaves fraction toothpaste showed that the average diameter for F1 was 9.75 mm, F2 was 11.75 mm, and F3 was 13.08 mm. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that all formulations of the ethyl acetate fraction of leilem leaves provide antibacterial activity and filled the requirements of the physical test of the preparation and the greatest antibacterial activity is at F3 of 13.08 mm with a dosage concentration of 12.5%.
Evaluasi Penyimpanan Obat di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Umum GMIM Kalooran amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan Karlah Frylina Kantu; Gayatri Citraningtyas; Imam Jayanto
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42929

Abstract

Depository is a significant stage in medicine administration. A great depository guarantees safety and maintains medicine quality. Hence, it can minimize hospital’s losses caused by spoiled medications. This study aimed to evaluate the medicine depository at GMIM Kalooran Hospital in Amurang. This study employed descriptive observational methods, and data gathering techniques used direct observation to existing systems and interviews. Study findings indicated that medicine Depository at Pharmacy Installation of GMIM Kalooran Hospital in Amurang not was in accordance with the standard of Hospitals pharmaceutical treatment based on Health Regulation number 72 (2016), Director General of Pharmaceutical (2010). However, facilities and infrastructures still required improvements such as insufficient shelves and pallets due to inadequate sizes of warehouses and no installed security systems.  It is highly recommended to notice matters which are not in accordance with the standardized indicators of medicine depository as well as the defective and incompetent facilities.
Neomycin Sulfate Emulgel Formulation With Avocado Seed Starch As Gelling Agent Vinny Valentina Kaitu; Hosea Edy; Karlah Lifie Riani Mansauda
PHARMACON Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.12.2023.42938

Abstract

Emulgel is a combined form of emulsion and gel dosage that is stable with the addition of a gelling agent. Starch can also be used as an additive in gel dosage as a gelling agent. This study aims to formulate a modification of acetylation of avocado seed starch as a gelling agent for neomycin sulfate emulgel preparations. Avocado seed starch was modified by the acetylation method. The emulgel formula was made with a concentration of avocado seed starch gelling agent of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. The physical evaluation of neomycin sulfate emulgel preparations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, adhesion tests, and dispersion tests. The results showed that acetylated modified avocado seed starch can be used as a gelling agent in emulgel preparations and that all neomycin sulfate emulgel preparation formulas met the requirements for physical evaluation of the preparation.

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