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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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Kota manado,
Sulawesi utara
INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,131 Documents
 88   89   90   91   92 
ANALISIS CEMARAN BAKTERI COLIFORM DAN IDENTIFIKASI ESCHERICHIA COLI PADA AIR ISI ULANG DARI DEPOT DI KOTA MANADO Bambang, Andrian G.
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.5450

Abstract

ABSTRACT Water is a basic needs for human life, but potable water is getting hard to find. The high rates of environmental pollution affecting the availability of clean water. This study aims to analyze the bacterial contamination in drinking water refill from the depots with random sampling method from nine districts in the city of Manado. This research included the examination of Total Plate Count (TPC), examination of Coliform bacteria, and identification of Escherichia coli. The results of this study indicate that the all nine samples tested drinking water contained microbial contamination ranging from 1.6 x 103 to 2.9 x 104 colonies/mL. All samples contained coliform bacteria that do not qualify according to the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 which states 0 APM/100 mL sample. On the identification of Escherichia coli, first sample and ninth sample does not contain the bacteria Escherichia coli. While the other samples contained the bacterium Escherichia coli that do not qualify according to the Ministry of Health Regulation No. 492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 are stated that in 100 mL of drinking water should not be contained of bacterium Escherichia coli.   Key words : drinking water refill, Total Plate Count, Most Probable Number, Coliform, Escherichia coli   ABSTRAK Air merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi kehidupan manusia, tetapi air bersih yang layak minum semakin sulit ditemukan. Tingginya angka pencemaran lingkungan mempengaruhi ketersediaan air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cemaran bakteri pada air minum isi ulang dari depot-depot dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara acak dari 9 kecamatan di Kota Manado. Penelitian meliputi pemeriksaan Angka Lempeng Total (ALT), bakteri Coliform dan identifikasi Escherichia coli. Berdasarkan hasil menunjukan bahwa ke 9 sampel air minum yang di uji mengandung cemaran mikroba yang berkisar antara 1,6 x 103 sampai 2,9 x 104 koloni/mL.  Semua sampel mengandung bakteri  Coliform sehingga tidak memenuhi syarat menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 yaitu 0 APM/100 mL sampel. Pada identifikasi Escherichia coli, sampel 1 dan sampel 9 tidak mengandung bakteri Escherichia coli. Sedangkan sampel lainnya mengandung bakteri Escherichia coli sehingga tidak memenuhi syarat menurut Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 492/MENKES/Per/IV/2010 yaitu dalam 100 mL air minum tidak boleh terdapat kandungan bakteri Escherichia coli.   Kata kunci : Air minum isi ulang, Angka Lempeng Total, Angka Paling Mungkin, Coliform, Escherichia coli
ANALISIS BORAKS PADA MIE BASAH YANG DIJUAL DI KOTA MANADO Payu, Muzdhalifah
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.4774

Abstract

Borax or the scientific name of sodium tetraborate decahydrate is known as a preservative known to the general public for preserving wood, wood antiseptic and cockroach control. Borax has accumulated harmful effects. In chronic poisoning can cause fever, anorexia, anuria, kidney damage, depression and confusion. The purpose of this study was to identify the compound borax on wet noodles are sold in the city of Manado. Sampling was done by taking 5 samples of wet noodles that are sold in the city of Manado. Identification is done by qualitative test flame test methods and turmeric paper and quantitative test methods UV-Vis spectrophotometry at λ 553 nm. The results showed that the samples contained levels with borax, sample 1 == 264 g / mg, the second highest is 5 samples = 245.5 g / mg, is the third highest sample 2 = 243.5 g / mg, which is the fourth sample 4 = 206 g / mg and the fifth is a sample level 3 = 136 g / mg.   Key words : Borax, Wet Noodles, Qualitative, Manado
ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF ETANOL EXTRACT FROM MANGOSTEEN PERICARP (Garcinia mangostana L. ) AGAINST ARTEMIA SALINA LEACH LARVAE USING BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BST) Fatimawali, Fatimawali
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 1 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.3893

Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine acute toxicity potency of mangosteen pericarp extract using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). This research was an experimental research using Post Test Only Control Group Design, using 250 larvaes as test subject which were divided into 5 groups. Each group contains 10 larvaes and each group was done by 5 replications. The test componen was mangosteen pericarp extract that given through the media which contains larvae as the animal test. The extract final concentration in media which contains larvae were 1000, 500, 200, 100 and 0 ppm as negative control. The result is against larvae that died 24 hours after component test was given. Through the data, LC 50 value of etanol extract of mangosteen rind was analyzed. The result shows that mangosteen rind extract on the media could kill larvae of Artemia salina. Prohibit analyzes shows that mangosteen extract LC50 value of mangosteen pericarp extract was 418 ppm. So the administering of rind extract of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) had acute toxicity potential against Artemia salina Leach larvae according to BST method.   Keywords : Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp, brine shrimp lethality test, acute toxicity
GAMBARAN INTENSITAS KEBISINGAN DAN NILAI AMBANG DENGAR PEKERJA DI DISKOTIK CLOUD9, HOLLYWOOD, KOWLOON MANADO TAHUN 2015 Mardani, Budi
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.11326

Abstract

GAMBARAN INTENSITAS KEBISINGAN DAN NILAI AMBANG DENGAR PEKERJA DI DISKOTIK CLOUD9, HOLLYWOOD, KOWLOON MANADO TAHUN 2015 Budi Mardani1), Paul A.T. Kawatu1), Rahayu H. Akilli1) 1)Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Sam Ratulangi ABSTRAK   Kerja merupakan bentuk aktualisasi diri atau perwujudan jati diri manusia. Salah satu pekerjaan yang ada adalah di bidang hiburan. Dalam industri hiburan, penyajian musik keras merupakan menu utama yang ingin dinikmati oleh konsumen. Karyawan diskotik terpapar pada kebisingan tersebut sehingga berisiko mengalami gangguan pendengaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran Intensitas Kebisingan dan Nilai Ambang Dengar Pekerja Diskotik Kowloon,Could 9 dan Hollywood Manado. Penelitian ini bersifat Survei Deskriptif dengan rancangan pendekatan cross sectional study. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 3 diskotik yaitu Kowloon, Cloud 9, dan Hollywood Manado. Sampel yang diambil yaitu 10 pekerja dari 3 diskotik. Total sampel yang diambil yaitu 30 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Sound Level Meterwith, Audiometerwith printer oto-check untuk dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rata- rata Intensitas Kebisingan, Cloud 9 88,33 db, Hollywood 91,33 db, dan Kowloon 83,33 db. Presentase nilai ambang dengar normal telinga kanan pekerja 13 (43,3%) responden dan yang memiliki nilai ambang dengar tidak normal telinga kanan pekerja 17 (56,7%) responden. Selain itu presentase nilai ambang dengar normal telinga kiri pekerja 15 (50%) responden dan nilai ambang dengar tidak normal telinga kanan pekerja 15 (50%) responden. Kata Kunci : Intensitas Kebisingan, Nilai Ambang Dengar, Pekerja Diskotik. ABSTRACT Work is aform of self-actalization or manifestation of human identity. One of the jobs that there are in the entertainment field. In the entertainment industry, the presentation of loud music a main menu that wish to be enjoy ed by consumers. Discotheque employ ess exposed to noise and threshold listen Discotheque workers Kowloon, could 9, and Hollywood manado. This study is a descriptive survey with cross sectional design. This research was conducted in three Discotheque namely Kowloon, cloud 9, and Hollywood manado. Samples were taken of works 10 workes from 3 Discotheque. Total samples taken were 30 people. The data collection is done by sound level meterwith. Audiometerwith printer”s auto check and questionsnaires. The results showed the average intensity of noise, cloud 9 88,33db, Hollywood 91,33db, and Kowloon 83,33db. Percentage of normal hearing threshold value of the right ear of 13 workes (43,33%) respondents and those with abnormal hearing threshold value of the right ear 17 workers (56,7%) of respondents. In addition the percentage of normal hearing threshold value left ear 15 workes (50%) of respondents and not the normal hearing therhold value of the right ear 15 workes (50%) of respondents.   Key Words : Intensity noise, threshold listen, Discotheque worker.  
UJI KEKUATAN TEKAN PLAT RESIN AKRILIK POLIMERISASI PANAS YANG DIRENDAM DALAM MINUMAN BERKARBONASI Rawung, Valentino J.R.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.12185

Abstract

UJI KEKUATAN TEKAN PLAT RESIN AKRILIK POLIMERISASI PANAS YANG DIRENDAM DALAM MINUMAN BERKARBONASI   Valentino James Rommy Rawung1), Vonny N. S. Wowor1), Krista Veronica Siagian1) 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Email : docvjrrawung@gmail.com ABSTRACT Materials acrylic resin polymerization heat is a material widely used in the manufacture of removable denture base. Currently the polymerization heat by using microwaves (microwave cured) is commonly used in the manufacture of removable denture acrylic. This type of material is widely used because it has aesthetic advantages and relatively low cost, but it also has drawbacks such as easy to crack and can absorb oral fluids. Mouth acidic atmosphere due to the consumption of carbonated beverages can affect the strength of acrylic resin. This study is a pre-experimental design with the static group comparison. Test the strength of acrylic resin plate is immersed in a carbonated beverage using 24 samples of acrylic resin polymerization hot plate with size (25x15x2) mm, consisting of 6 samples at each different soaking time. The results showed that the average compressive strength of acrylic resin plates were soaked for 30 hours amounted to 96.75 MPa, for 60 hours at 81.04 MPa, for 90 hours at 80.83 MPa, and 120 hours at 71, 92 Mpa. Conclusion The study showed a decrease in the compressive strength of the heat polymerization of acrylic resin plate microwave soaked in carbonated beverages in line with the length of time of immersion. Keywords: Carbonated beverages, the compressive strength. ABSTRAK Bahan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas merupakan bahan yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan basis gigi tiruan lepasan. Saat ini cara polimerisasi panas dengan menggunakan gelombang mikro (microwave cured) sudah umum digunakan dalam pembuatan gigi tiruan lepasan akrilik. Jenis bahan ini banyak digunakan karena memiliki keuntungan estetik dan biaya yang relatif murah, namun juga memiliki  kelemahan antara lain mudah retak dan dapat menyerap cairan mulut. Suasana mulut yang asam akibat konsumsi minuman berkarbonasi dapat memengaruhi kekuatan resin akrilik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra eksperimental dengan desain the static group comparison. Uji kekuatan plat resin akrilik yang direndam dalam minuman berkarbonasi dengan menggunakan 24 sampel plat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dengan ukuran (25x15x2) mm, yang terdiri dari 6 sampel pada setiap waktu perendaman yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kekuatan tekan plat resin akrilik yang direndam selama 30 jam sebesar 96,75 Mpa, selama 60 jam sebesar 81,04 Mpa, selama 90 jam sebesar 80,83 Mpa, dan selama 120 jam sebesar 71, 92 Mpa. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan kekuatan tekan plat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas gelombang mikro yang direndam dalam minuman berkarbonasi seiring dengan lamanya waktu perendaman. Kata kunci : Minuman berkarbonasi, kekuatan tekan.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUP. PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JULI 2013 - JUNI 2014 Mantu, Fahijratin N.K.
PHARMACON Vol 4, No 4 (2015): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.4.2015.10208

Abstract

EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUP. PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JULI 2013 - JUNI 2014 Fahijratin N.K.Mantu1), Lily Ranti Goenawi1), Widdhi Bodhi1) 1)Program studi farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado ABSTRACT The inappropriately utilization of antibiotics may increase the side effects and the toxicity of antibiotics, wasted cost, and failure to achieve the clinical profit. The research aims to evaluate the utilization of antibiotics to the urinary tract infection patients in the inpatient installation of RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This research is a descriptive study with retrospective data aggregration based on medical records. The research has done to 47 medical records of urinary tract infection patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria. The results showed the most widely used antibiotics as the urinary tract infection therapy are ciprofloxacin (55,3%), ceftriaxone (40,4%), and cefixime (4,3%). The accuracy of the dose compatible to the evaluation are (89,4%) appropriate dose, and (27,7%) adequate periode of time. Keywords : Evaluation, Antibiotics, Urinary Tract Infection. ABSTRAK Penggunaan antibiotika secara tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan terjadinya peningkatan efek samping dan toksisitas antibiotika, pemborosan biaya dan tidak tercapainya manfaat klinik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien penderita infeksi saluran kemih di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUP. Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif yang didasarkan pada catatan medis. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 47 catatan medis penderita infeksi saluran kemih yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan infeksi saluran kemih ialah Ciprofloxacin (55,3%), Ceftriaxone (40,4%) dan Cefixime (4,3%). Ketepatan dosis sesuai sesuai evaluasi yakni (89,4%) tepat dosis dan (27,7%) sesuai lama pemberian. Kata Kunci : Evaluasi, Antibiotik, Infeksi Saluran Kemih.  
FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN SEREH (Cymbopogon citratus) SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK TANGAN Manus, Noriko
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 3 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.12941

Abstract

FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN SEREH (Cymbopogon citratus) SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK TANGAN Noriko Manus1), Paulina V. Y. YamLean1), Novel S. Kojong1) 1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA UNSRAT Manado, 95115 ABSTRACT Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a plant known to produce essential oil. The essential oil produced from the leaves of the Lemongrass has many benefits and one of them is as antiseptic properties. The objective of this study is to compose a formula and then examine the effectiveness of hand antiseptic properties in gel produced from the leaves of Lemongrass essential oils (Cymbopogon citratus) in three different concentration formula, which are: 5%, 10% and 15% with CMC-Na as the gel base. Tests performed on three gel formulations include physical properties among others organoleptic test, pH, homogeneity, spreading test, consistency and effectiveness of antiseptic. Antiseptic effectiveness testing was conducted using a modified replica using handsanitizer Carex® (positive control), base gel (negative control) and gel formulation of 5%, 10% and 15%. The resulting data of antiseptic test was analyzed using One Way Anova method with 95% of trustworthy level. The resulting gel shows that the essential oil of the Lemongrass leaves is able to be formulated to a gel form which meets the test parameter, among others organoleptic test (semisolid, clear and typical scent of Lemongrass), scale of pH 6  is still in the interval scale which is safe for skin, homogeneity with no visible coarse upon such gel formula, spreading test level around 5,1-5,5 shows semisolid consistency which is very convenient to use and consistency test in which the separation phase did not occur. Gel which contains 15% of essential oil of the Lemongrass leaves showed the decrease of best average number of colony which is 8. Keywords: Lemongrass leaves, essential oil, antiseptic gel, replica method     ABSTRAK   Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri. Minyak atsiri yang terkandung dalam Sereh memiliki khasiat salah satunya sebagai antiseptik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi serta menguji efektivitas antiseptik tangan dari sediaan gel minyak atsiri daun Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus) dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi, yakni 5%, 10% dan 15% dengan CMC-Na sebagai basis gel. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap ketiga formulasi meliputi sifat fisik gel yaitu, pengujian organoleptik, pH, homogenitas, daya sebar, konsistensi serta efektivitas antiseptik. Pengujian efektivitas antiseptik dilakukan dengan metode replika yang dimodifikasi menggunakan handsanitizer Carex® (kontrol positif), basis gel (kontrol negatif) dan sediaan gel 5%, 10%, 15%. Data pengujian antiseptik yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan One Way Anova dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa gel yang dihasilkan memenuhi parameter uji, diantaranya uji organoleptik (semipadat, jernih dan bau khas Sereh), pH 6 yang masih dalam interval aman pH kulit, homogenitas dengan tidak terlihat adanya butiran kasar terhadap semua formulasi gel, uji daya sebar yang berkisar 5,1-5,5 menunjukkan konsistensi semisolid yang sangat nyaman dalam penggunaan dan uji konsistensi dengan tidak terjadi pemisahan fase. Gel minyak atsiri daun Sereh memiliki efektivitas antiseptik pada konsentrasi 15% yang memperlihatkan adanya penurunan rata-rata jumLah koloni yang paling baik yakni 8.   Kata kunci : daun Sereh, minyak atsiri, gel antiseptik, uji replika  
GAMBARAN STATUS EROSI GIGI PADA PERENANG DI KOLAM RENANG KONI SARIO Litan, Billy F.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 1 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.11226

Abstract

GAMBARAN STATUS EROSI GIGI PADA PERENANG DI KOLAM RENANG KONI SARIO   Billy F. Litan1) ,Vonny N.S. Wowor1) , Damajanty H.C. Pangemanan1) 1)Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Fakultas Kedokteran UNSRAT ABSTRACT Dental erosion was a dental problems experienced by many swimmers and needs serious attention. Dental erosion in swimmers was caused by the exposure teeth with chlorinated swimming pool water. Purpose of this research is to describe status of dental erosion of the swimmers in the KONI Sario swimming pool based on swimming style, the location of teeth erosion, frequency, duration and length of the swimming activity.This research was a descriptive research with cross sectional study. Population in this research was swimmers in KONI swimming pool aged 12-24 years old, research samples was 23 people who were taken using total sampling method. The research instrument using form dental erosion measurement according to dental erosion index by Eccles and Jenkins. The results all swimmers with breaststroke and freestyle swimmers has dental erosion, with conclusion mostly swimmers has moderate dental erosion status; breaststroke swimmers all of them has light dental erosion status, freestyle swimmers mostly has moderate dental erosion status; all swimmers’s anterior teeth has dental erosion which mostly has moderate status. smaller amount of swimmers has moderate status on anterior and posterior teeths; swimmers with swimming activity frequency 4 times a week all of them has light status, frequency 5 times a week mostly has moderate status; all swimmers with swimming activity duration 60-90 minutes and mostly swimmers with duration 90-120 minutes all of them has light status, duration >120 minutes has moderate status; swimmers with swimming activity 6-12 months has light status, swimming activiqty >12 months mostly has moderate status. Key words: dental erosion status, swimmers ABSTRAK   Erosi gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi yang banyak dialami perenang dan perlu mendapat perhatian serius. Erosi gigi pada perenang terjadi akibat  keterpaparan air kolam renang berklorin seiring dengan waktu aktivitas renang dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian  untuk mengetahui gambaran status erosi gigi pada perenang di kolam renang KONI Sario berdasarkan gaya renang, letak gigi yang mengalami erosi, frekuensi, durasi dan lamanya menjalani aktivitas renang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian yaitu perenang di kolam renang KONI, berusia 12-24 tahun, sampel penelitian berjumlah 23 orang yang diambil menggunakan total sampling method. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan formulir pengukuran indeks erosi gigi menurut Eccles dan Jenkins. Hasil penelitian seluruh perenang gaya dada maupun gaya bebas mengalami erosi gigi,  dengan kesimpulan  sebagian besar perenang memiliki status erosi gigi sedang; perenang gaya dada seluruhnya memiliki status erosi gigi ringan, perenang gaya bebas sebagian besar memiliki status erosi sedang; seluruh perenang memiliki gigi anterior yang mengalami erosi  dengan sebagian besar berstatus erosi sedang, sebagian kecil memiliki gigi anterior dan posterior yang mengalami erosi dengan status erosi sedang; perenang dengan frekuensi aktivitas renang 4 kali per minggu seluruhnya memiliki status erosi ringan, frekuensi 5 kali per minggu sebagian besar memiliki status erosi sedang; seluruh perenang dengan durasi renang 60-90 menit  dan sebagian besar dengan durasi 90-120 menit per kunjungan seluruhnya memiliki status erosi ringan,  durasi > 120 menit memiliki status erosi sedang; perenang dengan aktivitas renang  6-12 bulan memiliki status erosi ringan,  aktivitas renang  > 12 bulan sebagian besar memiliki status erosi sedang.   Kata kunci: Status erosi gigi, perenang
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KELELAHAN KERJA DAN MASA KERJA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA TENAGA KERJA BONGKAR MUAT DI PELABUHAN BITUNG TAHUN 2015 Elia, Kindangen P.
PHARMACON Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.5.2016.12176

Abstract

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KELELAHAN KERJA DAN MASA KERJA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA TENAGA KERJA BONGKAR MUAT DI PELABUHAN BITUNG TAHUN 2015 Kindangen P.Elia1), Johan Josephus1), Ardiansa. T. Tucunan1) 1)Fakuktas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado ABSTRACT Fatigue decrease work capacity and fatigue characterized by the sensation of fatigue, decreased motivation, decreased activity.  This research attemps to Relationship Between Feelings of Fatigue and work time With Work Productivity on labor of loading and unloading at the port of bitung.This research was analytic observation with crossectional approach. This research conducted in the port bitung agustus until november, 2015. The sample of this research was 91 respondens and the data collection was done using a questionnaire. The instruments used were questionnaires and tool reaction time. Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate analysis using chi-square test with score p= 0,05.Based of statistical test use person chi square the result show that there was a relationship such work time (p=0,025) and fatigue (p=0,028) and on work productivity on port bitung is because the p= 0,005 . whereas. The results of data analysis showed there were relationship between work time with work productivity on works unloading in the port bitung  and analysis showed there were relationship between fatigue with work productivity on work unloading in the port bitung .   Keywords: Age, Work Time, Work Productivity, work unloading ABSTRAK Kelelahan menurunkan kapasitas kerja dan ketahanan kerja yang ditandai oleh sensasi lelah, motivasi menurun, aktivitas menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara kelelahan kerja dan masa kerja dengan produktivitas kerja pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat di pelabuhan bitung. Penelitian ini merupakan observasi analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pelabuhan Bitung pada bulan Agustus-november 2015. Sampel dalam penelitian ditentukan secara Accidental sampling dengan sampel berjumlah 91 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan alat reaction timer. Uji yang digunakan yaitu Uji Chi Square dengan nilai p = 0.05. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan Person Chi Square yang dilakukan, menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara masa kerja (p=0,025) dan kelelahan kerja (p=0,028) dan terhadap produktivitas kerja tenaga kerja bongkar muat di pelabuhan bitung, Hal ini karena nilai p < 0,05. dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara masa kerja dengan produktivitas kerja pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat  dan terdapat hubungan antara kelelahan kerja dengan produktivitas kerja pada tenaga kerja bongkar muat di pelabuhan bitung. Kata Kunci: Masa Kerja, Kelelahan Kerja, Produktivitas Kerja, Tenaga Kerja  
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA SAPONIN DARI EKSTRAK METANOL BATANG PISANG AMBON(Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum L.) Suharto, M. Agung Pratama; Edy, Hosea Jaya; Dumanauw2, Jovie M.
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.914

Abstract

Bananais a plant thatcanbe used asthe basis fortreatment.Banana trunk containssaponincompounds, flavonoids, andtannins.The purpose of this study was to isolate saponin compound in methanol extract of Ambon banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum L.) using preparation of Thin Layer Cromatography method. Identification of absorbance value of saponin was done in maximum wave length using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Methanol extract of Ambon banana trunk was obtained by maceration. Saponinsis said to be contained in banana trunk if the foam formed is stablewith the height of2-3 cmhighfor 30secondsin the addition ofone drop ofhydrochloricacid2Nandcolor testLiebermannBurchard(LB) whichproducesbrownringindicatestriterpenesaponin.Resultsofisolationusingeluentchloroform: methanol: water (13:7:2) gave the greenstainspotsonsilicagelplatessprayedwith reagentLBso it is saidthat the samplealso containssteroidalsaponinstypeswith Rfvalue of0.275; 0.325; 0.375.Based on theresults ofidentification usingultravioletvisiblespectrophotometry, absorbance valuewas2.754saponinat209nmmaximum wavelength. Keywords: isolation, saponin, methanol extract, Ambon banana trunk

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