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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,136 Documents
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ANALISIS KANDUNGAN FORMALIN DAN BORAKS PADA BUMBU GILING YANG DIJUAL DI PASAR AJIBARANG WETAN mildawati, ratna; Khumaini, Eko Hidayaturrohman; Prasetyawan, Fendy; Saristiana, Yuneka
PHARMACON Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.14.2025.61687

Abstract

Ground spices are a key ingredient used as food additives in almost every dish, whether at home or in places that sell various types of food. The use of food additives (BTP) in food production processes needs to be closely monitored. Additives that are prohibited include formalin and borax. Formalin and borax are banned because they can cause damage to the brain, liver, and kidneys, and long-term use can result in death. This study aims to determine whether formalin and borax are present in ground spices sold at Ajibarang Wetan Market. The ground spice samples examined came from two vendors: Vendor A (garlic, galangal, ginger, candlenut, red chili, turmeric, mixed spices, and coriander) and Vendor B (shallots, garlic, turmeric, red chili, candlenut, and mixed spices). The ground spice samples sold by Vendor A and Vendor B tested negative for both formalin and borax. The method used involved color reaction tests. To detect formalin, a potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) color reaction was used, and to detect borax, turmeric paper was employed. The conclusion of this study is that the borax test results for both vendors (Vendor A and Vendor B) were negative, as there was no color change to orange or reddish-brown. The formalin test results for both vendors were also negative, as there was no change in color to clear.
Karakterisasi Fisik Gel Asam Salisilat Berbasis Pati Sagu Terasetilasi Mansauda, Karlah Lifie
PHARMACON Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.14.2025.66264

Abstract

Salicylic acid gel formulations require a gelling agent that can provide optimal physical stability during storage. This study aimed to characterize the physical properties of salicylic acid gel based on acetylated sago starch as a natural alternative gelling agent. Sago starch was extracted from sago flour with a yield of 87.05%,  and subsequently acetylated, producing modified starch with an acetyl content of 9.46 ± 0.30% and a degree of substitution of 0.39 ± 0.01. Three gel formulations (F1, F2, F3) contained 2% salicylic acid and 6%, 8%, or 10% acetylated starch. Organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, adhesiveness, and syneresis were evaluated on days 0 and 30. All formulations exhibited transparent orange color, characteristic salicylic acid odor, semisolid consistency, and stable homogeneity. The pH (5.36–5.91) met topical requirements, adhesiveness increased with starch concentration (≈4.2–5.6 seconds), and syneresis remained low and stable. Acetylated sago starch shows potential as a stable and biocompatible gelling agent for salicylic acid gel.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Karang Lunak Lobophytum sp. yang diperoleh dari Pantai Tongkaina, Kota Manado Sumare, Chika Wanda; Yudistira, Adithya; Hariyanto, Yuanita Amalia
PHARMACON Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.15.2026.63998

Abstract

Soft coral contain bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, which have important antioxidant activity. This research aims to tested the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Lobophytum sp. using method DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Phytochemical screening results show the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in the extract of Lobophytum sp. obtained from Tongkaina Beach, Manado City. Antioxidant activity test shows that the extract has high activity an IC50 value of 49,13 ppm which is categorized as very strong. Average value of percent inhibition increased along with increasing extract concetration, reaching 67,13% at concetration of 100 ppm. These findings indicate that Lobophytum sp. potential be a source of natural antioxidants that can be developed for prevention degenerative disease caused by free radicals. Further research necessary to explore more specific active compounds. Keywords: Antioxidant, IC50, Lobophytum sp., Percent inhibition, Phytochemical Screening
FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SEDIAAN SNEDDS (Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) Laloan, Dearizky; Jaya Edy, Hosea; Abdullah, Surya Sumantri
PHARMACON Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.15.2026.64131

Abstract

Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dikenal sebagai tanaman obat dengan banyak kegunaan. Namun, senyawa ini memiliki kelarutan air yang rendah sehingga membatasi bioavailabilitasnya. Untuk mengatasi keterbatasan tersebut, dilakukan formulasi ekstrak jahe merah ke dalam sistem penghantaran obat Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan dan mengkarakterisasi sediaan SNEDDS dari ekstrak jahe merah. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. SNEDDS diformulasikan menggunakan Virgin Coconut Oil sebagai fase minyak, Tween 80 sebagai surfaktan, dan PEG 400 sebagai kosurfaktan. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap delapan formula melalui uji organoleptik, sentrifugasi, Heating-cooling cycle, pengukuran pH, dan analisis ukuran partikel. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa formula F4 hingga F8 memiliki stabilitas yang baik, dengan formula F8 menunjukkan ukuran partikel nano rata-rata sebesar 14,37 ± 0,47 nm dan indeks polidispersitas sebesar 0,30 ± 0,043, yang mengindikasikan distribusi partikel yang homogen. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak jahe merah dapat diformulasikan ke dalam sistem SNEDDS yang stabil dan berpotensi meningkatkan bioavailabilitas senyawa aktifnya.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF PEEL-OFF MASK PREPARATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF RARU BARK (COTYLELOBIUM MELANOXYLON PIERRE) Remin Serawati Simanjorang
PHARMACON Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.15.2026.66040

Abstract

Background: The use of natural as active compounds in cosmetic product has increased due to growing public awareness of product safety and quality. Raru bark (cotylelobium melanoxylon perre) contains various secondary metabolites with antioxidant potential, yes its application in cosmetic formulations remains limited this study aimed to formulate and evaluate a peel-off facial mask containing ethanol extract of raru bark. Methods: this experimental study included plant determination preparation of simplicia, extraction using 80% ethanol, phytochemical screening, formulations of peel-off mask with different eextract concentrations, and physical evaluation of the formulations. The evaluations comprised organoleptic properties, homogeneity, PH, viscosity, spreadability and drying time to assess the quality of the formulations. Results: phytocmical screening revealed the presence of flavonoid, tannins, saponins,alkaloids, glycosides, and steroid/triterpenoid compound in the ethanol extract. All peel-off mask formulations exhibited good organoleptic stability and homogeneity. The pH values were the physiological range of skin, while spreadability and drying time met the required standards. Variations in extract concentration influenced the viscosity of the formulations. Conclusion: ethanol extract of raru bark can be successfully formulated into a peel-off mask that meets physical quality requirements and shows potential as a natural-based cosmetic product.
Aktivitas Tonikum Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) terhadap Mencit dengan Metode Natatory Exhaustion dan Induksi Tidur Puspita, Rani Sintia
PHARMACON Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): PHARMACON
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.15.2026.66579

Abstract

Tonikum adalah obat yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan energi atau stamina tubuh. Kulit nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) mengandung flavonoid yang bersifat antioksidan dan mampu meningkatkan daya tahan fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol kulit nanas terhadap efek tonikum pada mencit putih (Mus musculus) dan menentukan dosis optimalnya dengan metode natatory exhaustion dan induksi tidur. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan 25 ekor mencit jantan yang dibagi dalam lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (Na-CMC 0,5%), kontrol positif (Kafein 100 mg), dan ekstrak etanol kulit nanas dosis 125, 250, dan 500 mg/kgBB. Pengujian tonikum dilakukan menggunakan metode natatory exhaustion dan induksi tidur dengan parameter waktu ketahanan renang dan waktu latensi tidur. Hasil perhitungan persentase efek tonikum disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik serta dianalisis statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit nanas memiliki aktivitas tonikum pada kedua metode pengujian. Dosis 125, 250, 500 mg/kgBB dan kontrol positif dengan persentase sebesar (48,63 ± 9,80)%, (76,50 ± 5,19)%, (79,50 ± 4,35)% dan (85,77 ± 1,50)% pada metode natatory exhaustion serta pada metode induksi tidur sebesar (27,45 ± 6,74)%, (42,18 ± 6,47)%, (51,30 ± 5,78) dan (60,70 ± 2,63)%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol kulit nanas memiliki aktivitas tonikum terhadap mencit dengan dosis optimal sebesar 250 mg/kgBB pada metode natatory exhaustion dan induksi tidur.

Page 114 of 114 | Total Record : 1136

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