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Paediatrica Indonesiana
Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
ISSN : 00309311     EISSN : 2338476X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 2,118 Documents
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The effect of surgery in neonatal hepatitis E. M. Halimun
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 24 No 1-2 (1984): January - February 1984
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (357.903 KB)

Abstract

A review of nine neonatal hepatitis cases, which underwent exploratory laporatomy in the course of the disease, gave the conciusion that surgical intervention did not give unfavourable effect to the patients. Irrigation of the bile trees provoked bile flow and produced a normal serum bilirubine 3 months after surgery. However, this procedure did not suggest that insidious progression of cirrhosis could be arrested.
Predictors of mortality in children with systemic lupus erythematosus Fanny Listiyono; Indah K. Murni; Sumadiono Sumadiono; Cahya Dewi Satria
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 1 (2019): January 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (245.818 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.1.2019.1-6

Abstract

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem chronic disease with a relatively high mortality rate in children, despite improvements in prognosis and survival rate over the past decade. Studies on the predictors of mortality in children with SLE, especially in low- and middle-income countries, are limited. Objective To determine the predictors of mortality of children with SLE. Methods This was case-control study using data from medical records of children with SLE at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, between 2009 and 2017. Subjects were children aged <18 years diagnosed with SLE. Cases were those who died within one year of diagnosis; the controls were those who were discharged alive. From subjects’ medical records, we collected clinical data including age, sex, date of diagnosis, nutritional status, anti-dsDNA antibody, antinuclear antibody (ANA), hypertension, disease activity based on the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, mortality/survival outcome, date of death, cause of death, and clinical data including fever, seizures, antibiotic used, microbial culture outcomes, and infection-related diagnoses. We performed bivariate analysis of the association between predictor variables (SLEDAI score, proteinuria, infection, hypertension, and seizures) and mortality outcome (survival or death), followed by logistic regression analysis. Results Eighty-four patients with SLE were included, of which 72 were female. Median age at diagnosis was 14 (range 4-18) years. Twenty-three patients (27%) died within one year after diagnosis. The most common causes of death were infection and renal failure in 8/23 and 7/23 subjects, respectively. On bivariate analysis, the variables significantly associated with mortality were hypertension (OR 3.34, 95%CI 1.22 to 9.14) and infection (OR 3.71; 95%CI 1.36 to 10.12). Seizures, proteinuria, and SLEDAI score were not found to be significantly associated with mortality. On logistic regression analysis, infection was the only significant predictor of mortality (OR 3.22; 95%CI 1.15 to 9.05). Conclusion Among the factors studied, infection is significantly associated with mortality in children with SLE.
Long-term follow up of a tuberous sclerosis patient: evaluation of anti-epileptic drugs and self- management support therapy Anindya Diwasasri; Retno Danarti; Retno Sutomo; Sunartini Hapsara
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 60 No 1 (2020): January 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1555.75 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi60.1.2020.53-60

Abstract

Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) (OMIM 191100) is an inherited, autosomal dominant disorder affecting multiple organ systems.1 A genetic mutation in one of the tumor suppressor gene (TSG) alleles causes tumor growth in various organ systems. Tuberous sclerosis can be found in people of all races, and does not differ in men and women, with an incidence 1 in 6,000 births and prevalence of 1 in 20,000.1-3 Although the prevalence is quite high, diagnosing this disorder is often difficult and delayed due to diverse disease manifestations and varied age at onset.
Overweight, hypertension and microalbuminuria in urban and rural Bangladeshi schoolchildren Mohammad Majharul Islam Islam; Mohammad Benzamin; Ranjit Ranjan Roy; Abdullah Al Mamun; Muhammad Tanvir Ahmed; Mohammad Tariqul Islam; Rezwana Ashraf; Rezaul Karim; Kamal Hossen; Susmita Biswas; Sufia Khatun
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 1 (2019): January 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (288.799 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.1.2019.18-26

Abstract

Background The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased over the last two decades due to high caloric intake and decreased physical activity. The dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight children occurred in conjunction with increasing prevalence of hypertension. Microalbuminuria is an early sign of damage to the kidney and cardiovascular system. Hypertensive, overweight children have an increased chance of microalbuminuria. Objectives To assess the prevalence of overweight, hypertension, and microalbuminuria in urban and rural school going children and contributing risk factors and associations. Methods This cross-sectional study was done in schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 years, from urban and rural areas, in Bangladesh, from September 2015 untill August 2016. Subjects’ weights, heights, and blood pressures (BP) were measured. Overweight and hypertension (HTN) statuses were determined with age-appropriate standardized charts. Subjects were divided into overweight and normoweight groups to evaluate risk factors for overweight such as family history (F/H) of obesity, F/H of HTN, daily physical outdoor activities, and monthly family income by comparative analysis. All overweight children were divided into hypertensive and normotensive groups in order to compare their fasting lipid profiles, urine microalbumin, serum creatinine, and random blood sugar. Results A total of 976 schoolchildren from urban (471, 48.3%) and rural (505, 51.7%) areas were included. Overweight was observed in 22.3% of the urban group and in 8.1% of the rural group (P<0.001). Hypertension was observed in 24.7% of overweight children and in 2.5% of normal weight children (P<0.001). Contributing risk factors for overweight were less physical outdoor activities, F/H of obesity, F/H of HTN, and higher family income (P<0.001). Microalbuminuria and random blood sugar were significantly increased in the overweight with hypertension group compared to the normotensive group (P <0.005). Conclusion Overweight is a health problem, noted especially in urban areas. Hypertension is also significantly increased in overweight children. Factors like F/H of hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and higher socioeconomic status are significantly associated with overweight. Microalbuminuria and increased random blood sugar are also significantly higher observed in hypertensive overweight children compared to normotensive overweight children.
Intrinsic risk factors for gross motor delay in children aged 6-24 months Joanna Erin Hanrahan; Irawan Mangunatmadja
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 1 (2019): January 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (226.795 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.1.2019.27-32

Abstract

Background. Gross motor is one of the skill domain with the highest parental concern as mastering it determines the autonomy of a child. Several internal risk factors including perinatal asphyxia, prematurity, low birth weight, wide fontanelle, and microcephaly have been studied in predicting gross motor delay with varied results. This study is made to arrange a strategic intervention on the prevention of delayed development. Objective. To evaluate perinatal asphyxia, gestation age <37 weeks, birth weight <2500 grams, microcephaly, and wide fontanelle as predictors of gross motor delay in children aged 6-24 months. Methods. A case control study design was used. Data collection was conducted by direct assessment of gross motor skill and parents’ interview in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital and Anakku Clinic, South Jakarta. Children with gross motor delay were included in the case group and children with normal gross motor were included in the control group. Data was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis with a statistical significance value of P<0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Results. One hundred and twenty-six subjects were studied, with 63 children in the case group and 63 children in the control group. Baseline characteristics of subjects were similar between the two groups. Microcephaly and gestation age <37 weeks were predictors of gross motor delay [(aOR 4.613 (95% CI 95 2.023 to 10.521, P<0.001) and (aOR 3.668 (95% CI 1.153 to 11.673, P=0.028), respectively]. Conclusion. Microcephaly and gestation age <37 weeks are significant predictors of gross motor delay in children aged 6-24 months.
Correlation of serum level of albumin with platelet count and platelet aggregation assessed by adenosine diphosphate agonist in children with nephrotic syndrome Andar Laura Nainggolan; Sri Sudarwati; Dany Hilmanto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 1 (2019): January 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (448.641 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.1.2019.7-12

Abstract

Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common renal disease among children, and contributes to life-threatening complications such as thromboembolic disease. Platelets are considered to be important agents in thrombotic events among NS patients. The gold standard assessment for platelet aggregation is the use of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) agonist, however, it is expensive and not accessible in smaller health facilities. Thus, other thrombosis parameters are needed. Previous studies suggested that low albumin increased the risk of thrombosis in NS patients. Objective To assess for a possible correlation between albumin level and platelet count as well as platelet aggregation. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in children with nephrotic syndrome who were admitted to the Pediatric Nephrology Department in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, from November 2017 to March 2018. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. Serum albumin, platelet count, and platelet aggregation were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted by Spearman’s test. Results A total of 32 patients participated in the study, with mean age of 109 (SD 7.4) months. Most subjects were male (56%). Subjects’ mean serum albumin level was 2.06 (SD 1.23) g/dL; mean platelet count was 453,062.5 (SD 187,443.90)/mm3; and mean platelet aggregation values for ADP agonist concentrations of 10, 5, 2.5, and 1 mM were 86.8 (SD 8.63)%, 82.4 (SD 15.33)%, 66.6 (SD 24.90)%, 34.95 (SD 31.69)%, respectively. Partial correlation analysis revealed significant negative associations between albumin and platelet count as well as platelet aggregation assessed with 1 mM of ADP concentration (P<0.001), with Spearman correlation coefficients of -0.641 and -0.634, respectively. Conclusion Serum albumin level had a moderately negative correlation with platelet count and platelet aggregation value.
Clinical spectrum and outcomes of pediatric diphtheria Herry D. Nawing; Ninny Meutia Pelupessy; Herniati Alimadong; Husein Albar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 1 (2019): January 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (236.599 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.1.2019.38-43

Abstract

Background Although vaccination programs have succeeded in reducing the incidence of diphtheria, it remains a health problem in Asia, including Indonesia. Objective To investigate the clinical spectrum and outcomes of pediatric diphtheria in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Methods This study was a retrospective review of childhood diphtheria medical records from January 2011 to December 2017 in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi. Recorded data consisted of age, gender, nutritional and immunization statuses, signs and symptoms, throat swab culture results, complications, and outcomes. Results Of 28 subjects aged 9 months to 17.10 years, the majority were >5 years (57.1%) and male (60.7%). Subjects’ mean age was 6.15 years and 82.1% of cases were well nourished. Overall, 85.7% had received complete immunizations, while 14.3% were not immunized, having received neither basic nor booster vaccines. The presenting manifestations were fever, pseudomembranes, and sore throat in all subjects, enlarged tonsils (78.57%), dysphagia (67.86%), cough (57.14%), headache (57.14%), hoarseness (67.86%), bull neck (25%), and myocarditis (14.3%). Most subjects had hospital stays of >10 days (67.9%). Mortality was 14.3%, usually in those admitted with a late, deteriorating condition and dying before getting optimal treatment. Poor outcome was significantly associated with the lack of basic or booster immunizations, poor nourishment, bull neck, myocarditis, and hospital stays < 5 days (P<0.05 for all). Conclusion The clinical spectrum and outcomes of pediatric diphtheria in this study are relatively similar to reports from other hospitals. Mortality was mostly in patients who lack basic or booster immunizations, are poorly nourished, or have bull neck, myocarditis, or hospital stays < 5 days.
Diagnostic value of electrocardiography for ventricular septal defect Besse Sarmila; Burhanuddin Iskandar; Dasril Daud
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 2 (2019): March 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (220.156 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.2.2019.87-91

Abstract

Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) in children requires attention from medical practitioners, because CHDs that are diagnosed early and treated promptly have good prognoses. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common type of congenital heart disease. Objective To compare the accuracy of electrocardiography (ECG) to echocardiography in diagnosing VSD. Methods This diagnostic study was conducted from November 2013 until July 2015. It involved patients with acyanotic CHDs who were suspected to have VSD at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi. Results Of 114 children screened, 97 were included and analyzed. The frequency of positive VSD was 69.1% based on ECG, and 99% based on echocardiography. There was a significant difference between ECG and echocardiography (P=0.000). However, when small VSDs were excluded, there was no significant difference between the two diagnostic tools [(P=1.000), Kappa value was 0.66, sensitivity was 98.5%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 100%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 50%]. Conclusion There were significant differences between the ECG and echocardiography, for diagnosing VSD. However, if small VSDs were not included in the analysis, there was no difference between the two examinations, suggesting that ECG might be useful for diagnosing VSD in limited facilities hospitals.
Age at menarche and early menarche among healthy adolescents Annang Giri Moelyo; Anindita Wulandari; Oktania Imas; Ulfa Puspita Rahma; Nurul Hidayah; Cempaka Kesumaningtyas; Fadhilah Tia Nur; Hari Wahyu Nugroho
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 1 (2019): January 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (264.554 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.1.2019.33-7

Abstract

Background Menarche is an important indicator of female adolescents' health and also population health. Age at menarche tends to decrease in many countries. Early menarche that defined from the lowest quartile of age at menarche, associated with some physical and psychological problems. Objective To determine the mean age at menarche, the prevalence of early menarche among healthy adolescents in Surakarta and its association to nutritional status. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 schools (3 junior and 2 senior high schools) in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, from September 2016 to March 2018, by consecutive sampling technique. We included menarched healthy female students whose parent provided informed consent and without consuming any routine medication. Data were derived from self-reported questionnaire and measurements of body weight; body height; and body mass index (BMI) by calculated based on weight/height2(kg/m2). Results Of 835 eligible subjects, the mean age at menarche was 12.0 (SD 1.1) years (range 8.8-15.1 years) and the prevalence of early menarche was 11.1%. The peak of age at menarche were at 11,12, and 13 years (24.3%, 36.2%, and 23.9%, respectively) and almost 99.04% of subjects had menarche at 14 years old. The proportion of early menarche between subjects birth 1997-2001 and 2002-2007 were 8.4% and 16.1%. Early menarche associated with overweight-obese in adolescents (odd ratio 2.14; 95%CI 1.21 to 3.76). Conclusion The mean age at menarche of healthy adolescents in Surakarta is younger than other previous studies in Indonesia. Early menarche was significantly a risk for overweight/obese in adolescents.
Risk factors for delayed speech in children aged 1-2 years Sabrina Tan; Irawan Mangunatmadja; Tjhin Wiguna
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 59 No 2 (2019): March 2019
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (255.063 KB) | DOI: 10.14238/pi59.2.2019.55-62

Abstract

Background Speech delay is one of the most common developmental delays in children. To minimize the negative outcomes of speech delay, risk factors should be explored to help in early patient diagnosis. Objectives To assess for associations between delayed speech in children aged 1 to 2 years and possible risk factors including gender, gestational age, birth weight, asphyxia during birth, head circumference, anterior fontanelle closure, gross motor development, duration of breastfeeding, caregiver identity, number of siblings, exposure to gadgets and television, and social interaction. Methods Parents of children aged 1 to 2 years who were treated at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, and Klinik Anakku, Pondok Pinang in Jakarta from January 2018 to March 2018 were interviewed. Data were processed with SPSS Statistics for Mac and analyzed by Chi-square test and logistic regression method. Results Of 126 subjects, 63 children had speech delay and 63 children had normal speech development. Multivariate analysis revealed that the significant risk factors for delayed speech were delayed gross motor development (OR 9.607; 95%CI 3.403 to 27.122; P<0.001), exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months (OR 3.278; 95%CI 1.244 to 8.637; P=0.016), and exposure to gadgets and television for more than 2 hours daily (OR 8.286; 95%CI 2.555 to 26.871; P<0.001). Conclusion Delayed gross motor development, exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months, media exposure for more than 2 hours daily, and poor social interaction are risk factors for delayed speech development in children.

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