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Emerging Science Journal

ESJ
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Published by Ital Publication

ISSN : 26109182 EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Social,

Environmental Science

Emerging Science Journal is not limited to a specific aspect of science and engineering but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering and sciences. While it encourages a broad spectrum of contribution in the engineering and sciences. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome.

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Articles 874 Documents

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Catastrophic Health Expenditure: An Experience from Health Insurance Program in Nepal Paudel, Deepak Raj
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

High expenditure due to health care is a noted public health concern in Nepal and such expenditure is expected to reduce through the access to health insurance. This study determines the factors affecting householdâ€™s catastrophic health care expenditure in Kailali district, where the government health insurance program was first piloted in Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to February 2018 among 1048 households (6480 individuals) after 21 months of the execution of the social health insurance program. Â For the sample selection, wards were selected in the first stage followed by the selection of the households. Overall, 17.8% of the households reported catastrophic health expenditure using a threshold of more than 10% of out-of-pocket payment to total household expenditure. The study found that households without having health insurance, low economic status, and head with low level of education were more likely to face catastrophic spending. The findings suggest a policy guideline in the ongoing national health insurance debate in Nepal. The government health insurance program is currently at expansion stage, so, increase in insurance coverage, could financially help vulnerable households by reducing catastrophic health expenditure.

Decreasing Microbial Fuel Cell Start-Up Time Using Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Antonia Jimenez Rodríguez; Antonio Serrano; Teresa Benjumea; Rafael Borja; M. El Kaoutit; Fernando G Fermoso
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2019): April
Publisher : Ital Publication

The bioelectrochemical systems are a sustainable technology that can be used to obtain electricity and/or reduced compounds. However, this novel technology presents several challenges prior to its implementation at full-scale. The aim of the present study was to evaluate different nanomaterials of electrode and mediators to increase the performance of BioElectrochemical Systems production. In order to achieve this objective, it was compared the use of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes plus electron exogenous mediator (Meldola’s Blue) against plain graphite anode in order to evaluate the overall start-up time and other electro-chemical features. The use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reduces substantially (by 75%) the start-up time required in a microbial fuel cell to produce stable voltage both, with and without the use of mediator compare to the plain anode. This reduction of the required time can be a consequence of the formation of anodic binders between this compound and the bacteria. With the independence of the start-up time, the current production was similar in the three studied cases, about 650 mV. Use of nanotubes modified anode surfaces might be especially interesting in cases of recovery after unstable operation of a microbial fuel cell, and/or reducing the start-up time for the generation of energy from new systems.

Strategies to Reduce CO2 Emissions in Housing Building by Means of CDW Ulises Mercado Burciaga; Paola Villoria Sáez; Francisco Javier Hernández Ayón
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 5 (2019): October
Publisher : Ital Publication

One of the biggest problems that human beings face is climate change and construction industry is one of the sectors causing the greatest impact, which has led him to adopt sustainable strategies. However, these have not been effective enough to reduce CO2 emissions, since solutions are required accompanied by other alternatives. Therefore, the objective of this study is to reduce CO2 by implementing CDW strategies under the following method: 1) analysis of CO2 of the major raw materials consumed, 2) use of the materials at the construction site was determined, 3) waste streams generated at the construction site were identified and those that could be reuse were highlighted, 4) CDW recycling strategies to avoid the use of the major raw materials consumption are proposed, and 5) one of the strategies proposed is further analyzed. The results show that natural aggregates generate the greater amount of CO2 due to the consumption of fuel required for their transportation. By replacing 68% of natural aggregates by recycled aggregates, CO2 can be reduced by 53%. Finally, these results can help to promote the opening of new CDW recycling companies in Nayarit and thereby contribute to the sum of sustainability practices in housing building.

Topology of Black Holes’ Horizons Arturo Tozzi; James F Peters
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2019): April
Publisher : Ital Publication

The Möbius strip spacetime topology and the entangled antipodal points on black hole surfaces, recently described by ‘t Hooft, display an unnoticed relationship with the Borsuk-Ulam theorem from algebraic topology. Considering this observation and other recent claims which suggest that quantum entanglement takes place on the antipodal points of a S3 hypersphere, a novel topological framework can be developed: a feature encompassed in an S2 unentangled state gives rise, when projected one dimension higher, to two entangled particles. This allows us to achieve a mathematical description of the holographic principle occurring in S2. Furthermore, our observations let us to hypothesize that a) quantum entanglement might occur in a four-dimensional spacetime, while disentanglement might be achieved on a motionless, three-dimensional manifold; b) a negative mass might exist on the surface of a black hole.

Comparison of Corrosion Behaviors of Bare Ti and TiO2 Ali Döner
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2019): August
Publisher : Ital Publication

In this study, titanium (Ti) surface was anodized by applying 60 voltages for two hours to form titanium dioxide (TiO2) with anodization method. After anodization procedure, comparison of corrosion behaviors of the bare titanium and TiO2 coated titanium was examined in 1 M KOH solution by using electrochemical methods such as anodic and cathodic current-potential curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to characterize bare Ti and anodically formed TiO2 surfaces. According to obtained results, Ti surface was smooth and compact. However, surface structure of TiO2 coated titanium was porous and nanotubes formed on the surface. This porous structure which has protective layer contributed to increase the corrosion resistance. Higher polarization resistance was obtained on porous TiO2 than that of bare titanium. Besides, this protective layer bore well against the alkaline corrosion during long-term immersion.

Rethinking Strategy for SMEE Support in the Light of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Miroljub Hadzic; Petar Pavlovic
Emerging Science Journal Vol 3, No 6 (2019): December
Publisher : Ital Publication

Serbia has started transition in 2000. Although it experienced fast growth prior to the global economic crisis, critical number of SMEs was not created to achieve a sustainable development of entrepreneurial sector. During the crisis period SMEs faced with development limits, especially shops and micro companies. In the period 2009-2014 Serbian economy had zero rate of growth, the business climate was generally somewhat deteriorated and support to SMEE weakened by Government, local level of governance and financial institutions. There are positive signs of economic recovery of Serbia during 2015 and 2016. The market reforms got momentum in some important areas. The Government successfully put under control huge budget deficit and public debt. The inflation rate became for the first time low, similar to the European level. The Strategy for support SME, entrepreneurship and competitiveness in the period 2015-2020 was enacted at the end of 2014. Its importance became critical considering weaknesses of entrepreneurial sector, bottlenecks and limits of existing governmental measures for SMEE support. The point is to highlight those from the point of view of development the entrepreneurial ecosystem, as a new conceptual framework designed to foster economic development via entrepreneurship, innovation and small business growth.

Studying Properties of Prospective Biologically Active Extracts from Marine Hydrobionts Olga P. Chzhu; Daredzhan E. Araviashvili; Irina G. Danilova
Emerging Science Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2020): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2020-01208

Biologically active substances (BAS) extracted from marine hydrobionts are characterized by high diversity and efficiency. They are represented by carotenoids, phospholipids, saponins and other compounds possessing high antioxidant (AOA), antitumor, immunomodulatory, radioprotective, and hypolipidemic activities. Because of extremely high marine BAS activity, the BAS dose necessary for treatment and prevention of many diseases is very small. The aim of present work was to assess biological properties of BAS complexes extracted from Black Sea marine inverterbrates for their following using in pharmacological preparations including liposomal drug delivery. BAS complexes were extracted from marine invertebrate tissues by two-phase extraction in combination with ultrasonication. Antioxidant activity of BAS extracts was determined with potassium permanganate discoloration method in an aqueous sulfuric acid medium. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by germination of BAS extracts. BAS influence on lymphocyte proliferative activity was studied with help of cytogenetic analysis. In this paper, the assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial and mitogenic activities of biologically active complexes extracted from marine invertebrate tissues is presented. BAS properties in the oil and alcohol-water phases are compared. For the first time BAS complexes from Black Sea invertebrates are extracted by the resource-light method of two-phase extraction in combination with ultrasonication. Conditions for obtaining BAS extracts with optimal characteristics are proposed.

Corporate Sustainability Disclosure: A Leather Industry Perspective Oluwaseyi Omoloso; William R. Wise; Kathleen Mortimer; Luai Jraisat
Emerging Science Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2020): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2020-01209

This study aims to identify and compare the key social, economic and environmental sustainability practices in the leather industry. Content analysis was used to analyse extracted sustainability information from either the website, annual report, sustainability report or corporate social responsibility report of six leather-related companies. Review of existing literature assisted in categorising different practices under social, economic and environmental sustainability, while an identification of patterns among practices followed. Findings reveal that companies are observing a good practice of either dedicating a section of their website to revealing their sustainability activities or utilising their sustainability reports or annual reports. Energy efficiency, waste management and reduction of greenhouse gases emission were the most occurring environmental sustainability practices. Health and safety occurred as the dominant social sustainability practice, while economic sustainability practices have not been well defined, providing an opportunity for future research. The study provides a useful resource for managers and companies in the leather supply chain to learn from brands that have been embarking on sustainability efforts and assist them to a better understanding of the concept, in readiness for strategy formulation, implementation and reporting.

Preliminary Studies on Transition Curve Geometry: Reality and Virtual Reality Tanita Fossli Brustad
Emerging Science Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2020): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2020-01204

The topic of transition curves is well known in track and road engineering. Over the years the need for easement between straight and curved sections in railway and road design has grown, with an important reason being increase in vehicle speed. Testing of transitions is often done with graph analysis where the property of lateral change of acceleration is compared between varieties of curves. However, graph analysis does not give a clear understanding of the behaviour of a vehicle in a transition phase the way, for instance, field or laboratory experiments might do. In this paper we present an initial study on the behaviour of a down-scaled vehicle model driving through three distinct transitions from straight to curved sections. In addition we show a comparison of the physical model against a virtual model.

Synthesis and Characterization of Host Guest Inclusion Complexes of Cyclodextrin Molecules with Theophylline by Diverse Methodologies Dutta, Ashutosh; Roy, Niloy; Das, Koyeli; Roy, Debadrita; Ghosh, Raja; Roy, Mahendra Nath
Emerging Science Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2020): February
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2020-01210

Steady hostâ€“guest inclusion complexes have been produced with medicinally important guest molecule theophylline within aqueous Î±-Cyclodextrin and HP-Î²-Cyclodextrin. Î±-and HP-Î²-Cyclodextrins have been established with favorable structural features for inclusion with Theophylline which include diversified applications in modern science such as controlled delivery in the field of pharmaceuticals, food processing, pesticides, foodstuffs etc. Theophylline is one of the most widely accepted drugs for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worldwide, even if it has been used clinically for many years. With both Î± and HP-Î²-Cyclodextrins it is found that 1:1 hosts-guest inclusion complexes are formed with the guest molecule theophylline. The construction and quality of the inclusion complexes have been characterized by using conductivity measurement, surface tension study, and Jobâ€™s method. The inclusion phenomenon has been confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, proton NMR study. Association constants and thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated for the created inclusion complexes by ultraviolet spectroscopy.

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