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INDONESIA
Emerging Science Journal
Published by Ital Publication
ISSN : 26109182     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Social,
Environmental Science
Emerging Science Journal is not limited to a specific aspect of science and engineering but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering and sciences. While it encourages a broad spectrum of contribution in the engineering and sciences. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,058 Documents
 92   93   94   95   96 
Addressing the Impact of COVID-19 and Non-Pharmaceutical for Perception Tourism Using Frequentist PLS-SEMs Pahrudin, Pahrudin; Liu, Li-Wei; Li, Shao-Yu; Supryadi, Didy Ika
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 5 (2021): Special Issue "COVID-19: Emerging Research"
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-15

Abstract

The pandemic Covid-19 has been changing tourist behavior to visit a tourism destination. This study aims to investigate tourist' visit intention after Covid-19 pandemic period in Indonesia by addressing the Covid-19 phenomenon, health consciousness and theory planned behavior framework. To answer hypotheses in this study, Confirmatory Factor Analysis-Structure Equation Model is used with quantitative approach. The research model is examined by SEM-PLS, using SmartPLS-3 software to analyze research framework. The results show that Covid-19 perception had not significantly impacted attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention. However, the perception of Covid-19 has a significant impact on non-pharmaceutical intervention, which in turn delivers a significant impact on attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control and visit intention. The hypothesis presumes that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control all have significant impact on intention to visit. In contrast, variable of health consciousness works less impact on intention to visit. This study makes significant contribution to the tourism literature by considering health issue and tourist visit behavior after Covid-19 period in Indonesia. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SPER-15 Full Text: PDF
How Do National Cultures Affect Quality of Life in Europe During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Koompai, Somjintana; Royer, Joí«l
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 6 (2022): Special Issue "COVID-19: Emerging Research"
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-02

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the six cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede that affect perceptions of quality of life in 26 European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020–March 2021): (1) Quality of life, (2) Democracy and trust, (3) Working during COVID-19, (4) Financial situation, (5) Support during COVID-19, and (6) Health care during COVID-19. Many studies are not conclusive on which dimensions of national culture affect the spread and death rate of COVID-19. The researchers, therefore, consider that studying the pandemic from the perception of quality can prevent its spread and contribute to the care and security of people affected by COVID-19. This study may be another way of providing information to those stakeholders. Method: To determine which aspects of culture affect the quality of life of Europeans during the COVID-19 pandemic, the researchers analyzed data through stepwise multiple regression analysis to predict the relationship between independent variables (cultural dimensions) and dependent variables (perceptions of the quality of life). Findings: It was found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, countries with higher power distance and higher uncertainty avoidance had a lower quality of life in several dimensions, mainly in Eastern European countries and Latin European countries (France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain). In the Nordic or Scandinavian countries with higher levels of indulgence, people were more satisfied with their quality of life in spite of the COVID-19 epidemic. Novelty/Improvement:The results may inform policy-makers and stakeholders on how national cultures have both positive (i.e., indulgent and long-term) and negative (high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance) effects on the quality of life of Europeans during the COVID-19 pandemic. There should be (1) short-term measures to provide equal economic measures and public health assistance to reduce anxiety (reduce high power distance and high uncertainty avoidance), (2) medium-term measures to promote education and training to prepare people for new modes of working in the future (decrease high uncertainty avoidance), and (3) long-term measures to cultivate cultures to save for the future and to be optimistic and happy, both mentally and physically (increase long term orientation and indulgence). Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-02 Full Text: PDF
Teachers' Perception for Integrating Educational Robots and Use as Teaching Assistants in Thai Primary Schools Poolsawad, Kajornpong; Songkram, Noawanit; Piromsopa, Krerk; Songkram, Nutthakorn
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 4 (2020): Special Issue "IoT, IoV, and Blockchain" (2020-2021)
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-09

Abstract

This study focused on teachers' perception for integrating educational robots into learning and the feedback of teachers and students who used an education robot prototype as a part of learning. Data were collected from 510 primary school teachers who were used in a confirmatory analysis of factor model. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) indicated a good fit with a six-factor model in the observed data, which could be presented through six dimensions of robotic education quality, including social interaction, cognitive function, teaching method, learner characteristics, main features, and content. The prototype-testing phase was carried out using 5th grade students at a primary school in Thailand. The robot was tested for 10 hours, which included 20 students participating in the focus group. The research results showed that integrating the six dimensions of robotic education into the educational robot prototype resulted in a strong positive improvement in the focus groups learners' behavior and supported the instructors during the learning process. In contrast, some teachers lacked experience and confidence with robots integrated with LMS, which caused challenging obstacles in teaching. The results were achieved when integrating the six-factor model into education robots to improve student learning. Future researchers should expand their studies to look into the opportunities and challenges that teachers and school administrators face in the classroom. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-09 Full Text: PDF
Developing Data Integrity in an Electronic Health Record System using Blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (Case Study: COVID-19 Data) Riadi, Imam; Ahmad, Tohari; Sarno, Riyanarto; Purwono, Purwono; Ma'arif, Alfian
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 4 (2020): Special Issue "IoT, IoV, and Blockchain" (2020-2021)
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-013

Abstract

The misuse of health data stored in the Electronic Health Record (EHR) system can be uncontrolled. For example, mishandling of privacy and data security related to Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19), containing patient diagnosis and vaccine certificate in Indonesia. We propose a system framework design by utilizing the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and Blockchain technology to overcome this problem. The IPFS environment supports a large data storage with a distributed network powered by Ethereum blockchain. The combination of this technology allows data stored in the EHR to be secure and available at any time. All data are secured with a blockchain cryptographic algorithm and can only be accessed using a user's private key. System testing evaluates the mechanism and process of storing and accessing data from 346 computers connected to the IPFS network and Blockchain by considering several parameters, such as gas unit, CPU load, network latency, and bandwidth used. The obtained results show that 135205 gas units are used in each transaction based on the tests. The average execution speed ranges from 12.98 to 14.08 GHz, 26 KB/s is used for incoming, and 4 KB/s is for outgoing bandwidth. Our contribution is in designing a blockchain-based decentralized EHR system by maximizing the use of private keys as an access right to maintain the integrity of COVID-19 diagnosis and certificate data. We also provide alternative storage using a distributed IPFS to maintain data availability at all times as a solution to the problem of traditional cloud storage, which often ignores data availability. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-013 Full Text: PDF
Qualitative Exploration of Legal, Economic and Health Impacts of Covid-19 in Saudi Arabia Amuda, Yusuff Jelili; Chikhaoui, Emna; Hassan, Shafiqul; Dhali, Mohsin
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 6 (2022): Special Issue "COVID-19: Emerging Research"
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-01

Abstract

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, several researches have been conducted in different parts of the world, including Saudi Arabia. However, there is little focus of attention on qualitative exploration of the impacts of COVID-19 in the context of Saudi Arabia. The primary objective of this study was to explore the opinions of legal, economic, and medical experts pertaining to the impacts of COVID-19. The methodology employed in this paper was a qualitative research design. The data was collected with a specific focus on the use of an in-depth interview. Fifteen (15) participants among the legal, economic, and medical experts were finally used for the interview among the targeted participants. In order to analyze the data, different themes were generated from the transcribed interviews, which were: Overview of COVID-19, legal, economic, health impacts. The finding of the study revealed that the current pandemic of Covid-19 has multidimensional impacts in Saudi Arabia. The pandemic has negative impact not only on the social and economic areas but also on the legal sphere. Social and economic impacts of the Covid-19 increase the inequality, discrimination, unemployment, deprivation of usual education, and disruption in business activities. The findings further indicated that the legal impact of COVID-19 has been mentioned in the aspect of the inability to perform contracts that have the potential to trigger default or force majeure provisions leading to litigation or reconciliation. In addition, the participants also acknowledged the health impact of COVID-19 in causing anxiety, suffering from illness, loneliness, depression, and causing death, among others. If not properly addressed through effective measures and policy, the impact of the COVID-19 on the legal, economic, and health spheres would have severe consequences. Therefore, it is recommended that all the stakeholders, especially the government of Saudi Arabia should effectively and efficiently address the legal, economic, and health impacts of COVID-19. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-01 Full Text: PDF
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Audit Quality: Lessons and Opportunities Hazaea, Saddam A.; Tabash, Mosab I.; Abdul Rahman, Abdul Aziz; Khatib, Saleh F. A.; Zhu, Jinyu; Chong, H Gin
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 6 (2022): Special Issue "COVID-19: Emerging Research"
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-06

Abstract

This study aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 on audit quality based on the investigation of three auditing aspects, namely: audit fees, audit procedures, and auditors' salaries in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. For data collection, fifty-five (55) questionnaires were distributed to internal auditors, external auditors, managers of audit offices, and financial managers. Eleven managers of audit offices and auditors were interviewed. A descriptive, regression analysis, and T-test were used. The study results reveal that the audit quality has been significantly affected due to the devastating effect of COVID-19 on audit fees, audit procedures, and audit staff salaries. In addition, the results show that Yemen is severely affected due to several factors, which include a lack of modern auditing systems. Also, private ownership of establishments and the absence of laws for determining audit fees negatively impacted the audit quality. Being the first of a practical kind, this study provides a significant contribution to the existing literature on the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of auditing. This would be useful for corporations, audit offices, auditors, and researchers. Moreover, this study can bridge the identified research gap on this topic and provide empirical evidence about the impact of COVID-19 on audit quality. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-06 Full Text: PDF
Multi-Factor Triage Algorithm (MUFTA): Quantitative and Qualitative Ethical Factors on Triage Decisions During COVID-19 Ahmed, Shamsuddin; Alsisi, Rayan H.
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 6 (2022): Special Issue "COVID-19: Emerging Research"
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-07

Abstract

Background: This study shows how multiple ethical criteria evaluations result in patient screening and ranking. Furthermore, as Omicron outbreaks increase, hospital emergency departments will become overburdened with critically ill patients. It is a one-of-a-kind global triage algorithm for infectious decreases of COVID-19 and Omicron. The algorithm is qualitative and quantitative, and adaptable to various bio-ethical and social factors. The measurement of the evaluation process eliminates any inconsistencies, which is an advantage of a decision-making algorithm. The proposed algorithm is unique because there are no similar algorithms in the literature that provide triage guidelines based on social ethics, bioethics, and human dignity. Objective: It's simple to evaluate a patient's potential benefits when ethical triage judgments are structured and transparent. Furthermore, decisions made primarily based on economic considerations in stressful situations overlook the socioeconomic realities of the underprivileged. This triage algorithm eliminates the need for ad hoc triage evaluations and facilitates criteria for inclusion, such as human dignity. It also takes into account patient comorbidities and social, ethical issues. Method: Healthcare professionals use predefined ethical criteria to assign relative rankings among patients based on treatment response and social circumstances. It is a Delphi method for evaluating patient illnesses with the help of medical professionals. For example, the admission to the intensive care unit and providing a ventilator depend entirely on hierarchical multidimensional triage scoring results. This algorithm can evaluate triage scores quickly. It is robust, accurate, and quick in assessment, evaluation, and reevaluation during an emergency. A team of three experts can implement this algorithm. Result: The Consistency Scores (CR) show how well clinical and non-clinical ethical criteria may be used to make triage judgments. As a result, all specialists have reported allogeneic reactions in the triage assessment. Furthermore, this system enables decision-makers to identify cognitive biases that may influence their decisions. A Group Consciousness Ratio (GCR) of over 85% indicates that the decision-making process is transparent. Patients with a high level of social dependency, a reasonable probability of recovery, a favorable weighted average comorbidity score, and those who are less fortunate are all considered in the overall triage decision. Conclusions: This algorithm differentiates patients who need ICU (Incentive Care Unit) care and do not immediately require critical resources. As a result, patients queue up on a waiting list when the ICU demand spikes due to the increased incidence of COVID-19 infection or its variants. This situation presents a dilemma for the triage policy. Therefore, a national emergency policy requires monetary and technical assistance to expand healthcare facilities. However, the clarity of this triage policymaking is at odds with decision-makers interested in manipulating results. It is challenging to deal with consistency issues in the Delphi process in group decision-making without professional moderators and valid evaluation metrics. Therefore, transparency, consistency, and strong judgment are essential elements of the presented algorithm. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-07 Full Text: PDF
Optimization and Evaluation of Authentication System using Blockchain Technology Riadi, Imam; Ifani, Aulyah Zakilah; Kusuma, Ridho Surya
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 4 (2020): Special Issue "IoT, IoV, and Blockchain" (2020-2021)
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-015

Abstract

User data security innovation is a particular concern in protecting one's privacy rights, which is one of the serious violations when an attacker can bypass the user authentication so that it looks like something legitimate and becomes legal. Based on these issues, the research aims at optimizing and evaluating the blockchain-based authentication systems to minimize data leakage, manipulate the data, and modify the data. Blockchain is one of the innovations that can solve this problem. Data or transactions in the blockchain are saved in hash form to make it difficult for hackers to break into them. The Blockchain implementation uses the Solidity programming language to build smart contracts and other tools such as MetaMask, Ganache, and Truffle. The Network Forensics Development Life Cycle (NFLDC) is used as a framework with the following five stages: Initiation, Acquisition, Implementation, Operation, and Disposition. Based on the research conducted, the attack strategy against blockchain-based systems consists of several scenarios covering the Burp Suite, XSS, SQL Injection, and DoS. The results show that the percentage of authentication optimization reaches a value of 90.1%, and 8.9% is the percentage for evaluating systems such as the possibility of cyberattack. Based on these results, this research has achieved its goals and may assist in further research. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-015 Full Text: PDF
Factors Affecting SMEs' Intention to Adopt a Mobile Travel Application based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT-2) Yawised, Kritcha; Apasrawirote, Darlin; Chatrangsan, Maneerut; Muneesawang, Paisarn
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 4 (2020): Special Issue "IoT, IoV, and Blockchain" (2020-2021)
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-014

Abstract

This study is part of a government research project which aims to synthesise the current evidence on the factors affecting the intention of mobile application adoption called ‘Tripper Notifier Application' (TNA) for the hospitality and tourism industrial sector in Thailand. The focus is on small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which emphasize restaurants, hotels, and attraction sites. The present article examines various factors influencing the intention to use such applications by employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT-2) as the theoretical underpinning of this research paradigm. Using 84 selected research papers in Scopus published between 2020 and 2022, A thematic analysis incorporating a grounded theory approach to systematically generate themes was conducted, and the findings found three main themes, including business transformation capabilities (BTC), digital transformation capabilities (DTC), and personal innovativeness (PI), as an extension of UTAUT-2 as mediator and moderator variables. To this end, the study fills the research gaps and extends the UTAUT-2 framework by including an initiative of twelve inside attributes-based lines, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, habit behavior, behavioral intention, and use behavior, together with three moderators: age, gender, and experience. Finally, the context dimensions of the UTAUT-2 extensions were mapped to highlight all the constructs of the TNA adoption framework for future research directions. The novel contribution of this study is to fill the gap with both theoretical and practical knowledge. On the theoretical level, this study constitutes constructs based on UTAUT-2 theory as a research-based setting to fill a gap in research. On the practical level, it provides insights and information about new capabilities that SME owners, managers, and practitioners should consider in order to differentiate their own capabilities. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-014 Full Text: PDF
The Impact of COVID–19 on Albanian Tourism Alshiqi, Sevdie; Sahiti, Arbana
Emerging Science Journal Vol. 6 (2022): Special Issue "COVID-19: Emerging Research"
Publisher : Ital Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-03

Abstract

Objectives: Nowadays, tourism continues to represent the most dynamic and open part of the countries' economic system. This research paper explores tourism in Albania over the years, with particular focus on the development of tourism during the pandemic situation, mainly the number of entrances and exits of visitors to the country compared to the years before. Methods/Analysis: This study will take into consideration the secondary data provided by the World Travel and Tourism Council and INSTAT Albania focused on 2020 as the pandemic year, compared to the previous years by investigating the movements of visitors in Albania, their origins, and the ways of travel through seaports, air, or land. The travel purposes of Albanian visitors are different, but this research will focus only on those purposes for holidays during the summer season. The data will be presented through the percentage of a frequency distribution at each entrance and exit point, in some cases explained by tables and graphs, comparing the months in the peak summertime. Findings: Statistical analyses represented in this research give a clear picture of developing tourism in Albania during the pandemic year, mostly tourists from Kosovo. Improvement: This research paper summarized some specific recommendations to the government institutions and SMEs specializing in the tourism sector to be ready for the future challenge, even deep dives in the pandemic zone.JEL Classification:N 20, N3 E24, P23 J5 Doi: 10.28991/esj-2022-SPER-03 Full Text: PDF

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