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The ShÄ«âa and SunnÄ« Textual Origins of Uṣūl âAmaliya (Practical Principles)
ØÂقیقت پور, ØÂسین;
ÙÂخلعی, مØÂمدتقی;
ØÂائری, مØÂمدØÂسن
ÙÂقه و اصول سال. ÛµÛ°, شماره. Û³: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : Ø§ÙØªØ´Ø§Ø±Ø§Øª Ø¯Ø§ÙØ´Ú¯Ø§Ù ÙØ±Ø¯ÙØ³Û Ù
Ø´ÙØ¯
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i3.47935
در Ù¾ÚÙÙØ´âÙØ§Û ÙÙÙÛ Ù Ø§ØµÙÙÛ Ù
عاصر Ú©Ø§ÙØ´ در خاستگاÙâÙØ§Û Ù
سائ٠٠پÛâØ¬ÙÛÛ Ø±ÛØ´ÙâÙØ§Û ØªØ§Ø±ÛØ®Û Ù
ÙØ§ÙÛÙ
Ù Ø¢Ø±Ø§Ø¡Ø Ø¨Ù ØªØ¯Ø±ÛØ¬ Ø¨Ø®Ø´Û Ø§Ø² Ù
Ø¨Ø§Ø¯Û ØªØµÙØ±Û ٠تصدÛÙÛ Ø±Ø§ Ø¨Ù Ø®ÙØ¯ اختصاص داد٠است. Ø±ÙØ´Û ک٠بÛâØªØ±Ø¯ÛØ¯ ÙÙÙ
عÙ
ÛÙ Ù
ÙØ¶Ùع Ù Ù
سأÙ٠تÙÙØ§ در پرت٠آ٠Ù
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Ø¨Ø§ØØ« اصÙ٠عÙ
ÙÛÙ ÙÛØ² از اÛÙ ÙØ§Ø¹Ø¯Ù Ù
Ø³ØªØ«ÙØ§ ÙÛØ³Øª. Ù
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ا٠در Ù
تÙ٠سÙÛ Ù Ø´ÛØ¹Û Ù
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در دÛÙØ§Ù Ù
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Ø´ØªØ±Ú©Ø Ø±ÙÛکرد Ù
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ا٠ب٠اصÙ٠عÙ
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Ù
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ÛØ§Ù Ø¢ÙâÙØ§ پاسخ Ú¯ÙÛØ¯.ØØ§ØµÙ اÛ٠تØÙÛ٠اÛ٠است ک٠اصÙ٠عÙ
ÙÛ٠گرÚÙ Ù
باÙÛ Ø§Ø³ØªÙØ§Ø±Û در Ø¢Ù
ÙØ²ÙâÙØ§Û ائÙ
Ù (ع) دارد ÙÛک٠در عرص٠تدÙÛÙØ خاستگاÙâÙØ§Û اÛ٠اصÙ٠در Ù
تÙ٠اصÙÙ Ù ÙÙÙ Ø§Ø³ØªØ¯ÙØ§ÙÛ Ø§Ù٠تسÙ٠سراغ Ú¯Ø±ÙØªÙ Ù
ÛâØ´ÙØ¯. دÛگر اÛÙک٠اصÙ٠عÙ
ÙÛ٠در رÙÛکرد Ù
ØªÙØ¯Ù
Ø§Ù Ø´ÛØ¹Ù ٠سÙÛ Ø¯Ø§Ø±Ø§Û Ø¯Ù ÙÛÚÚ¯Û Ú©ÙÛ Ø§Ø³Øª: ÙØ®Ø³Øª Ø¢ÙÚ©Ù ÙØ·Ø¹Û است ٠دÛگر اÛÙ Ú©Ù ÙØ³Ø¨Øª ب٠اÙ
ارات در رتب٠پاÛÛÙâØªØ± ÙØ±Ø§Ø± دارد.
The Impact of Intent on Willful Murder
رضایی زارچی, ÙÂاطمه;
میر خلیلی, سید اØÂمد
ÙÂقه و اصول سال. ÛµÛ°, شماره. Û³: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : Ø§ÙØªØ´Ø§Ø±Ø§Øª Ø¯Ø§ÙØ´Ú¯Ø§Ù ÙØ±Ø¯ÙØ³Û Ù
Ø´ÙØ¯
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i3.48957
ÙØªÙ عÙ
د ÛÚ©Û Ø§Ø² Ø´Ø¯ÛØ¯ØªØ±Û٠جرائÙ
جاÙ
Ø¹Ù Ø¨Ø´Ø±Û Ø§Ø³Øª Ú©Ù Ø±ÙØ²Ø¨Ø±Ùز Ú¯Ø³ØªØ±Ø¯Ú¯Û Ø¨ÛØ´ØªØ±Û Ù
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ÙØ¸Ùر Ø¨Ø±Ø±Ø³Û Ø§Ø«Ø± ÙØµØ¯ در تØÙÙ ÙØªÙ عÙ
د Ø¨Ù ÙØ§Ú©Ø§ÙÛ Ù
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د٠دÙÛ٠در Ù
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Ø¯ÙØ¸Ø± ÙØ±Ø§Ø±Ú¯Ø±Ùت٠است. براساس ÛØ§ÙتÙâÙØ§Û Ù¾ÚÙÙØ´ ØØ§Ø¶Ø± در ØµÙØ±Øª اثبات ÙØµØ¯ ÙØªÙØ Ø¹Ù
د خاص ØµÙØ±Øª Ù
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د Ø¨ÙØ¯ÙØ Ø§Ø³ØªÙØ§Ø¯Ù از Ø¢ÙØª ÙØªØ§ÙÙ Ø¨Ø§Ø´Ø¯Ø ÙØ±ÚÙØ¯ ØªÙØµÛر Ø¨Ù Ø¬ÙØª Ø§Ø³ØªÙØ§Ø¯Ù از Ø¢ÙØª ÙØªØ§Ù٠ثابت است ÙÙÛ Ø§Û٠عÙ
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Ø³ØªÙØ¯ ØÚ©Ù
Ø¨Ù ÙØµØ§Øµ ÙØ§Ùع Ø´Ø¯ÙØ اضاÙ٠بر Ø¶Ø¹Ù Ø³ÙØ¯Û از ÙØ¸Ø± Ø¯ÙØ§Ùت ÙÛØ² Ù
عارض Ø¯Ø§Ø±Ø¯Ø Ù Ø¨Ø§ Ø³Ø§ÛØ± Ø±ÙØ§Ûات Ù Ø§ØµÙ Ø§ØØªÛاط ØØ§Ú©Ù
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ÛâØªÙØ§Ù در Ù
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د عاÙ
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جرÙ
Ø¨ÙØ¯Ù ÙØ§Ø¹ÙØ ÙØ·Ø¹Û است.
A Legal-Judicial Exploration into the Legal Character of Power of Attorney (Combined âAqd and ĪqÄâ)
علی اکبری بابوکانی, اØÂسان;
جوادی, مØÂمدØÂکیم
ÙÂقه و اصول سال. ÛµÛ°, شماره. Û³: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : Ø§ÙØªØ´Ø§Ø±Ø§Øª Ø¯Ø§ÙØ´Ú¯Ø§Ù ÙØ±Ø¯ÙØ³Û Ù
Ø´ÙØ¯
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i3.57469
ب٠رغÙ
اÛ٠ک٠در دکترÛÙ ØÙÙÙØ¯Ø§Ùا٠٠ÙÙÙØ§ Ø¶ÙØ§Ø¨Ø· تÙ
ÛØ² عÙÙØ¯ از اÛÙØ§Ø¹Ø§Øª Ø±ÙØ´Ù Ø§Ø³ØªØ Ø§Ø¸ÙØ§Ø± ÙØ¸Ø± در Ù
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اÙÛÙØª Ø¨Ø±Ø®Û Ø§Ø² اعÙ
ا٠ØÙÙÙÛ Ø¨Ù Ø¯ÙÛÙ Ø´Ø¨Ø§ÙØªâÙØ§ÛÛ Ú©Ù Ø¨Ø§ Ø¹ÙØ¯ ٠اÛÙØ§Ø¹ Ø¯Ø§Ø±ÙØ¯Ø ÙÙ
ÚÙØ§Ù Ù
شک٠است. ÙÙØ§Ø¯ ÙÚ©Ø§ÙØª گرÚÙ Ø¨Ù ØµØ±Ø§ØØª ÙØ§ÙÙÙ Ù
دÙÛ Ù ÙÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ± در Ù
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اÙÛØª ØÙÙÙÛ Ø¢Ù ÙÙ
ÚÙØ§Ù Ø§Ø®ØªÙØ§ÙâÙØ¸Ø± ÙØ¬Ùد دارد. Ø¨Ø±Ø®Û Ù
اÙÛØª ÙÚ©Ø§ÙØª را Ø¹ÙØ¯ Ø¯Ø§ÙØ³ØªÙ ٠گرÙÙÛ ÙØ¸Ø± ب٠اÛÙØ§Ø¹ Ø¨ÙØ¯Ù آ٠دادÙâØ§ÙØ¯. عدÙâØ§Û ÙÛØ² ÙØªÙØ§ÙØ³ØªÙâ ÛÚ©Û Ø§Ø² Ø¯Ù Ø¯ÛØ¯Ú¯Ø§Ù را ØªØ±Ø¬ÛØ دÙÙØ¯Ø Ù
اÙÛØª آ٠را Ø¨Ø±Ø²Ø®Û Ø¨Û٠عÙÙØ¯ ٠اÛÙØ§Ø¹Ø§Øª Ø¯Ø§ÙØ³ØªÙâØ§ÙØ¯. Ø´Ú© در Ø®ØµÙØµ Ø¹ÙØ¯ ÛØ§ اÛÙØ§Ø¹ Ø¨ÙØ¯Ù ÙÚ©Ø§ÙØªØ ب٠د٠Ù
اد٠656 Ù 681 ÙØ§ÙÙÙ Ù
دÙÛ Ø¨Ø§Ø²Ù
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اد٠656 ØµØ±Ø§ØØªØ§Ù از Ø¹ÙØ¯ Ø¨ÙØ¯Ù ÙÚ©Ø§ÙØª Ø³Ø®Ù Ú¯ÙØªÙ ÙÙÛ Ù
اد٠681 ب٠گÙÙÙâØ§Û ØªØ¯ÙÛÙ Ø´Ø¯Ù Ú©Ù ÙØ¸Ø±Û٠اÛÙØ§Ø¹ Ø¨ÙØ¯Ù ÙÚ©Ø§ÙØª را ب٠ذÙÙ ÙØ²Ø¯ÛÚ© Ù
ÛâÚ©ÙØ¯. Ù¾Ø°ÛØ±Ø´ اذÙÛ Ø¨ÙØ¯Ù Ø¹ÙØ¯ ÙÚ©Ø§ÙØª ÙÙ
عاÙ
ÙÛ Ø¯Ø± Ø¬ÙØª تÙÙÛØª ÙÙ
ÛÙ ÙØ¸Ø± است. ÙÙÛØ³Ùدگا٠در Ù
ÙØ§ÙÙ ØØ§Ø¶Ø± بر اÛ٠عÙÛØ¯ÙâØ§ÙØ¯ ک٠بر ØØ³Ø¨ Ù
باÙÛ Ù ØªØ¹Ø±Û٠٠آثار ÙÚ©Ø§ÙØªØ ابداع ØªØ£Ø³ÛØ³ Ø¬Ø¯ÛØ¯Û Ø¨ÙØ§Ù
اÛÙØ§Ø¹ Ù
رکب Ù Ù¾Ø°ÛØ±Ø´ ÙÚ©Ø§ÙØª ب٠عÙÙØ§Ù Ù
صداÙÛ Ø§Ø² Ø¢ÙØ راÙگشا Ù ØÙ Ú©ÙÙØ¯Ù Ø§Ø®ØªÙØ§Ùات است.
Exploring the Rule of âTaâzÄ«r is Left to the Discretion of the Rulerâ and a Case Study of Discretionary Prison Sentence
شایق, مهدی;
شایق, مØÂمدرضا
ÙÂقه و اصول سال. ÛµÛ°, شماره. Û³: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : Ø§ÙØªØ´Ø§Ø±Ø§Øª Ø¯Ø§ÙØ´Ú¯Ø§Ù ÙØ±Ø¯ÙØ³Û Ù
Ø´ÙØ¯
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i3.59193
Defining the type of punishment is an important matter about taâzÄ«r (discretionary punishment) which, in turn, is an important and everyday issue in the judicial system. Some scholars believe that according to the rule of âtaâzÄ«r is left to the discretion of the rulerâ, the ruler enjoys considerable leeway in deciding an appropriate form as well as the amount of punishment, while other scholars say that the freedom given to a judge through this rule is restricted to the amount of punishment and the form of punishment is out of his jurisdiction. The first group of scholars, in addition to the lexical references, has resorted to explicit hadiths received regarding the issue, as well as the ordinances that show the vast scope of the authority a ruler possesses. The paper, after criticizing the above-mentioned reasons, presents evidence from hadiths to refute the wide authority of a ruler claimed by these scholars. Moreover, even supposing such wide authority of a ruler, the punishments like imprisonment are inconsistent with some principles and general rules
like wizr (personal responsibility of offence) and âtaâzÄ«r must be more lenient than ḥaddâ.
A Jurisprudential Critique of Prescribing Death Penalty for Drug Crimes
کلانتری خلیل آباد, عباس;
متولی زاده نائینی, نÙÂیسه;
گلستان رو, صدیقه
ÙÂقه و اصول سال. ÛµÛ°, شماره. Û³: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : Ø§ÙØªØ´Ø§Ø±Ø§Øª Ø¯Ø§ÙØ´Ú¯Ø§Ù ÙØ±Ø¯ÙØ³Û Ù
Ø´ÙØ¯
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i3.62743
تجارت Ù
ÙØ§Ø¯ Ù
Ø®Ø¯Ø±Ø Ù¾Ø¯ÛØ¯ÙâØ§Û Ø§Ø³Øª ک٠ساÙâÙØ§ جاÙ
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ÛâÚ©ÙØ¯ Ù ÙØ§ÙÙÙâگذارا٠در Ú©Ø´ÙØ±ÙØ§Û Ú¯ÙÙØ§Ú¯ÙÙØ در Ù¾Û Ø±Ø§ÙÚ©Ø§Ø±Û Ø¨Ø±Ø§Û Ù¾ÛØ´Ú¯ÛØ±Û Ø§Ø² ÙÙÙØ¹ Ø¢Ù Ù Ø¨Ø±Ø®ÙØ±Ø¯ با Ù
رتکبا٠اÛ٠جرÙ
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Û Ø§ÛØ±Ø§Ù ÙÛØ² با Ø³ÛØ§Ø³Øª Ø¬ÙØ§ÛÛ Ø³Ø±Ú©ÙØ¨Ú¯Ø±Ø§Ù٠٠تعÛÛÙ Ù
جازات سÙÚ¯Û٠با اÛÙ Ù¾Ø¯ÛØ¯Ù Ù
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جازاتâÙØ§ÛÛ Ú©Ù Ø¯Ø± اÛ٠بار٠تعÛÛÙ Ø´Ø¯ÙØ Ù
جازات اعداÙ
است. Ù¾Ø±Ø³Ø´Û Ú©Ù Ø¯Ø± اÛ٠بار٠Ù
Ø·Ø±Ø Ù
ÛâØ´ÙØ¯Ø آ٠است Ú©Ù Ø¢ÛØ§ تعÛÛÙ Ù
جازات سÙÚ¯ÛÙ Ù
رگ Ø¨Ø±Ø§Û ØªØ¬Ø§Ø±Øª Ù
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خدر از Ø¯ÛØ¯Ú¯Ø§Ù ÙÙÙ Ø§Ø³ÙØ§Ù
درست Ø§Ø³ØªØ Ù
Ø¨ÙØ§Û ÙÙÙÛ Ø¢Ù ÚÛØ³ØªØ از Ø¯ÛØ¯Ú¯Ø§Ù ØÙÙÙÛ Ø¢ÛØ§ ÚÙÛ٠تÙÙÛÙÛØ Ù
ÙØ¬Ù Ø§Ø³ØªØ Ù¾ÚÙÙØ´Ú¯Ø±Ø§Ù در اÛÙ Ù¾ÚÙÙØ´ با Ø¨Ø±Ø±Ø³Û Ù
باÙÛ ÙÙÙÛ Ù ØÙÙÙÛ Ø¨Ù ÙÙØ¯ اÛÙ Ø´ÛÙÙ ÙØ§ÙÙÙâÚ¯Ø°Ø§Ø±Û Ú©ÛÙØ±Û دربار٠Ù
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خدر پرداخت٠٠در Ù¾Û Ø§Ø«Ø¨Ø§Øª اÛÙ Ù
Ø·ÙØ¨ ÙØ³ØªÙد ک٠تجارت Ù
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خدر ÛÚ© جرÙ
ØªØ¹Ø²ÛØ±Û است. تعÛÛÙ Ù
جازات اعداÙ
ب٠گÙÙÙâØ§Û Ú©Ù Ø¯Ø± ÙØ§ÙÙÙ Ù
بارز٠با Ù
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خدر Ø¢Ù
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ØÚ©Ù
Û ÙØ¯Ø§Ø±Ø¯ Ù ÙÛØ§Ø²Ù
ÙØ¯ Ø§ØµÙØ§Ø است.
Analyzing the Efficiency Elements of Jurisprudence (Case Study, the Terms of Enjoining the Right and Forbidding the Wrong)
رضائي راد, عبدالØÂسين
ÙÂقه و اصول سال. ÛµÛ°, شماره. Û³: شماره پیاپی Û±Ã
Publisher : Ø§ÙØªØ´Ø§Ø±Ø§Øª Ø¯Ø§ÙØ´Ú¯Ø§Ù ÙØ±Ø¯ÙØ³Û Ù
Ø´ÙØ¯
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i3.63225
The paper is to examine the objections to the efficiency of some jurisprudential issues especially concerning the matter of enjoining the right and forbidding the wrong through the case study of its terms like: having enough knowledge about the right and the wrong, capability and power, safety, and the chance of impact. It also explores the origins of the harming consequences that have been brought about by such impractical approaches to jurisprudence and religion, the consequences like issuing infeasible or contradictory rulings that have resulted in the suspension of such practices as enjoining the right and forbidding the wrong. Then, it proposes the working methods for improving the efficiency and applicability of such jurisprudential issues.
The Criterion for Fulfilling Rights in Debts in Case of Increasing the Purchase Power of Money on Due Date of Obligation
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Publisher : ???????? ??????? ?????? ????
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i4.43193
The value of credit money decreasing over time; but for some reason it may be increasing, as well. Given the decrease of the money value, there are clear jurisprudential views about amount of payment of the debt on due date; however, given the increase of the money value, what amount should the debtor pay? Answer to this important question is on one hand subject to accurate study of the dimensions of credit money and on the other hand to providing clear jurisprudential proofs.
The hypothesis that this article is seeking to prove is that the purchase power of money in debt is the criterion for fulfillment of right in case of increase and decrease of money value. Therefore, in case of substantial increase of money value, payment of less nominal amount of money than the money received is unobjectionable; but in case of slight increase of money value, payment of the nominal amount is considered as full settlement of a debt.
Typology of Fatwā Documented by Prohibition of Sadd al-Dharāyi‘ (Evasive Legal Devices) in Imāmiya Jurists’ Supposition
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Publisher : ???????? ??????? ?????? ????
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i4.46202
The validity of sad al-dharāyi‘ (evasive legal devices) is among the age-old controversial problems of jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence of legal schools. In the meantime, the Imāmī jurists have had a negative approach in methodology of Islamic jurisprudence (‘ilm al-uṣūl) toward its validity. What is noteworthy is that irrespective of the uṣūlī viewpoints of the Imāmī jurists, we find instances from among their fatwas that by way of causal inference in them they seem to be one of the referents of sadd al-dharāyi‘ and this indicates the non-homogeneity of the uṣūlī and jurisprudential viewpoints of the Imāmī jurists in the problem in question. Despite similar designations such as unlawful premise in Imāmīya’s principles of jurisprudence, the existing discrepancy can be a totally verbal dispute and resolve no difference between them in practice. The present article is intended to enumerate the jurisprudential evidences and referents in respect to its claim and tries to find sadd al-dharāyi‘ as applicable to them by way of causal inference in these referents.
Analysis of Liability (Ḍamān) Based on “Delictual Exchange” and its Impact on Lawsuits of Civil Responsibility
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Publisher : ???????? ??????? ?????? ????
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i4.46720
There are two major viewpoints in jurisprudence concerning the analysis of the nature of delictual liability (ḍamān-i qahrī). One viewpoint analyzes liability based on mere damage and the other based on delictual exchange. What is meant by delictual exchange in regard to delictual liability is that the ownership of the wasted property is, by order of the judge, handed over to the perpetrator of the damage and the ownership of its substitute (badal) to the person who has incurred the loss. With this analysis, the delictual exchange of badal and mubaddal (substituted) is by the judge’s order, whose
approval has significant impacts in the field of civil responsibility. For instance, according to this disposition, the components left over from the wasted property and the due rights belong to the perpetrator of damage, or in some instances that the usurped property is utilized somewhere and is valueless due to separation, the person who has incurred a loss merely deserve demanding its substitute and cannot ask for the very usurped property besides the damage. Similarly, acceptance of delictual exchange can be resulted in presentation of a new theory concerning the nature of ḥaylūla (lit. break or separation) substitute under the title of exchange of the inaccessible property’s benefits and the substitute.
Legal-Jurisprudential Study of Changing the Endowment Properties for the Better
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DOI: 10.22067/jfu.v50i4.50415
وقف، نهادینه سازی نوع دوستی و یکی از یادگاران بزرگ انبیاء الهی است که در شریعت اسلامی نیز از اهمیت بهسزایی برخوردار شده است. با تشکیل ادارات و سازمانهای اوقاف، این نهاد با اهدافی گوناگون از جمله مصلحت اندیشی درباره موقوفات، تحت کنترل قانون و حکومت در آمده است. از این رو تبدیلِ موقوفات به احسن، بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین مسائل وقف در میان فقهاء مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. برخی تبدیل یا بیع موقوفات را در شرایط غیر عادی مجاز و بعضی به طور کلی هرگونه تغییر، تحول و تبدیل را منع کردهاند. در این مقاله، نخست به جواز یا عدم جواز بیع یا تبدیل به احسن موقوفات پرداخته شده است. در ادامه با ارائه دلایل، مستندات و مسوّغات از این بحث به میان آمده که تبدیلِ موقوفات به احسن و در نتیجه، استفاده مطلوبتر از آن، منطبق بر نظر اصلی واقف است و توجه به این مهم، به مصلحت موقوفات و یکی از عوامل مهم حفظ، گسترش و استمرار آنها در سطح جامعه خواهد بود.