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Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 26139456     EISSN : 25992570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture publishes original articles, review articles, case studies and short communications on the fundamentals, applications and management of Sustainable Agriculture areas in collaboration with Indonesian Agrotechnology / Agroecotechnology Association (PAGI), Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network), and Indonesian Agricultural Higher Education Communication Forum (FKPTPI). This journal has two issues in a year and it will be published in April and October.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 9 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April" : 9 Documents clear
Assessing Land Use Intensity and Ecosystem Service Dynamics in Citarum Watershed, Indonesia Irmadi Nahib; Widiatmaka Widiatmaka; Suria Darma Tarigan; Wiwin Ambarwulam; Fadhlullah Ramadhani
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93122

Abstract

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) significantly impact ecosystem services (ES), often leading to land degradation and disrupting natural balance. This study examines how LULC changes have influenced total ecosystem services (TES) in Citarum Watershed over the past decade. Specifically, researchers analyze (1) the shifts in LULC and key ES components—water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), and carbon storage (CS)—from 2010 to 2020, (2) the spatial relationship between land use intensity (LUI) and ES, and (3) the synchronization and distribution patterns of LUI and TES using a coupling coordination degree (CCD) model. The findings reveal significant LULC changes between 2010 and 2020, with bare/shrubland and agricultural areas expanding by 88.37% and 2.25%, while forest land and lakes declined by 0.78% and 0.09%. These transformations affected ES values, as WY and CS decreased by 15.01% and 4.98%, whereas SC increased by 12.03%. Overall, TES declined by 7.54%, with the steepest reduction (17.70%) observed in the downstream region. The coupling coordination analysis highlights an imbalance between LUI and TES, with 65 to 68% of sub-districts classified as imbalanced. These results underscore the urgent need for integrated land-use planning strategies to restore ecosystem balance and promote sustainability in Citarum Watershed.
Dynamics of Nitrogen Mineralization by Organic and Inorganic Amendments Through Enzyme Activity of Microbial Community in Laboratory Incubation Md.Tariful Alam Khan; Md. Billal Hossain Momen; Md. Rashedur Rahman Tanvir; Md. Robiul Islam
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.92849

Abstract

Chemical fertilizers provide an immediate nitrogen supply but require repeated application at critical growth stages; however, excessive chemical fertilizer application harms the environment. In contrast, organic fertilizers release nitrogen gradually for a long time, and microbial fertilizers enhance nutrient availability. This study investigated the effects of integrating chemical nitrogen (CN), poultry manure (PM), and microbial fertilizer (MBF) on soil nitrogen availability and microbial activity. Eight treatments were applied: T0 (control), T1 (100% CN), T2 (100% CN + MBF), T3 (75% CN + 25% PM + MBF), T4 (50% CN + 50% PM + MBF), T5 (25% CN + 75% PM + MBF), T6 (100% PM + MBF), and T7 (100% PM). Soil nitrogen fractions, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition were analyzed. Integrated treatments improved nitrogen availability compared to sole CN application, with T4 showing the highest NO₃--N accumulation. Additionally, T4 increased total nitrogen, organic carbon, and microbial biomass, enhancing soil fertility. Enzymatic activities, including urease, catalase, invertase, and cellulase, responded positively to the integrated treatments, reflecting improved soil health. PLFA analysis revealed shifts in microbial community composition, highlighting the role of PM in promoting microbial diversity and biomass. These findings highlight that blending 50% CN and 50% PM with MBF balances immediate and sustained nitrogen release while stimulating microbial diversity and soil enzyme functions and improves overall soil health, making it a promising strategy for sustainable soil fertility management and reducing chemical fertilizer dependency.
Potassium Fractionation and Stock in Clay Soils: Influence of Geochemical and Mineralogical Properties in Yogyakarta Region, Indonesia Eko Hanudin; Padana Aperta Barus; Makruf Nurudin; Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93721

Abstract

Research on potassium (K) dynamics in upland clay soils, particularly those derived from tertiary-aged rocks, remains limited in Yogyakarta. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among geochemical indices, K fractions, and K stock in upland clay soils, considering the influence of their physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Thirty soil samples were collected from five geological formations at two depths (0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm), with three replicates selected from each formation through purposive sampling. Soil characterization was performed using routine methods, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Geochemical indices such as the chemical index of alteration (CIA), Vogt residual index (VR), alumina to potassium oxide ratio (AKN), silica to sesquioxide (Si/Seq), and Ruxton ratio (R) were calculated, and K stock was determined. The results showed that feldspar contributes to K stock in upland clay soils. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that only the AKN index significantly correlated with K-pseudo-total and K-non-exchangeable (p < 0.01). The highest K-pseudo-total concentration was found in P4-Sentolo (1,326 to 1,715 mg kg-¹) and the highest concentrations of K-non-exchangeable were observed in P5-Kebobutak (1.37 to 1.78 cmolc kg-¹). Significant correlations between K-exchangeable and K-water-soluble with total organic carbon and K-non-exchangeable were also identified (p < 0.01). The highest K-exchangeable concentration was recorded in P2-Nglanggran (0.17 to 0.33 cmolc kg-¹), while the lowest was found in P1-Wonosari (0.04 to 0.09 cmolc kg-1). All clay soils exhibited K-exchangeable concentrations below the critical deficiency level. Understanding these relationships is crucial for effective soil management and sustainable agricultural production. Targeted fertilization strategies can be developed based on the dominant K fraction in each soil.
Network Governance of Rural Water Management to Cope with Adverse Impacts of Climate Change: Evidence from An Irrigated Dry Area in Central Java, Indonesia Mohammad Rondhi; Syamsul Hadi; Muhamad Imanuddin; Yasuhiro Mori; Takumi Kondo; Rokhani Rokhani; Anik Suwandari; Ebban Bagus Kuntadi; Shohibul Ulum; Nita Anisya Firdaus
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.91715

Abstract

Irrigation management in Indonesia has always involved challenges. There are at least three phases in irrigation management: the rain-fed phase, technical irrigation in irrigation buildings, and technical irrigation to mitigate climate change (CC). This study investigated irrigation management based on local wisdom as a form of CC adaptation. The research was conducted in Klambu Kanan Irrigation District (KKID), where 11,005 ha of rice fields are irrigated in three regencies. The subjects of this research were 40 irrigation Water User Associations (WUAs), and the research instrument was a model that provided incentives to manage WUAs, cropping patterns, and water fees in response to CC. The results showed that CC has had impacts on rice fields in the KKID, such as mud flooding due to changes in land cover. There are two models employed by the WUAs: a “self-governance model” (SGM) and an “auction model” (AM), the latter of which is a form of management based on “network governance” (NG). The SGM emphasizes the participation of members (community-based) through social capital, while the AM emphasizes the availability of capital in irrigation management (provider-based). More than 77% of WUAs employed the SGM, while the rest employed the AM. In addition, the SGM was utilized for 180 more days per year than the AM, which was used for 47 days per year. Finally, the productivity of the SGM was higher than that of AM. Further research is needed to compare SGM and AM to confirm that SGM is more widely applied than AM.
Physiological Responses, Growth, and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Between Rows of IP-1 Oil Palm in Response to Rhizobium sp. and Bacillus spp. Inoculation Lugito Lugito; Dyah Weny Respatie; Muhammad Nazmin Yaapar; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.95053

Abstract

The Indonesian population has not yet met the high demand for soybeans by domestic production. Researchers aim to increase soybean (Glycine max L.) production and optimize land use through intercropping with oil palm during the immature plant phase 1 (IP-1). This study evaluated the effectiveness of Rhizobium sp. and Bacillus spp. inoculation in enhancing the growth and yield capacity (physiological activity, growth, and productivity) of soybeans planted between rows of IP-1 oil palms at PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) IV, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatera. The field study employed a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and four blocks as replicates. Data from the experiments were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), least significant difference (LSD) testing at a 5% significance level, Spearman correlation, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed an interaction effect between Rhizobium sp. and Bacillus spp. inoculation on the treatment variables of plant height, number of leaves, total dry weight, nutrient uptake (N, P, and K), IAA and GA3 hormones, total Bacillus in soil, total Bacillus in roots, pod dry weight, and yield. In treatment without Rhizobium sp., soybean plants inoculated with Bacillus spp. showed a significant contribution to all treatment variables. However, in soybean plants inoculated with Rhizobium sp., the addition of Bacillus spp. did not significantly affect the physiological activity, growth, and yield of soybeans. The performance of Bacillus spp. in boosting the physiological capacity and development of soybeans slowed down in the presence of Rhizobium sp. This indicated a potential antagonistic relationship between Bacillus spp. and Rhizobium sp.
Typology of Cocoa Seedlings Derived from Orthotropic and Plagiotropic Cuttings Compared with Grafting and Hybrid Seeds Teguh Iman Santoso; Endang Sulistyaningsih; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Agung Wahyu Susilo
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93300

Abstract

Cocoa derived from cuttings is expected to overcome the limitations of grafting and hybrid seed propagation. This study aimed to determine the typology of cocoa seedlings derived from cutting, grafting, and hybrid seeds and the similarity among propagations, and assess the biochemical content of budwood cuttings and its relationship with the success rate. This research was conducted at the greenhouse of the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, East Java, from April to December 2022 by adopting a completely randomized design. A single-factor experiment was performed on propagation methods, namely hybrid seed (HS), orthotropic cutting (OC), plagiotropic cutting (PC), orthotropic grafting (OG), and plagiotropic grafting (PG). The growth characteristics, anatomical characteristics, and biochemical contents of cuttings were observed. Results showed that compared with PC, OC generated a larger root pith diameter that played a role in the improved growth performance. The leaf area, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate in OC were similar to those in HS. The time to produce OC was similar to PG to meet the minimum standard requirements of ready-to-plant seedlings. However, the root volume, area, and length in OC were below those in HS and still needed to be improved. The cuttings derived from the budwood garden had higher sucrose contents than those from the production garden. Therefore, obtaining OC and PC samples from a budwood garden is recommended to achieve a high success rate.
Enhancing the Functional Biodiversity of Ground-Dwelling Arthropods with Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Conservation Hidehiro Inagaki; Okamoto Naoya; Toyoda Yuta; Kunwar Jung
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.92914

Abstract

In European countries, considerable research has focused on the conservation and improvement of biodiversity of functional groups which are useful organisms in agricultural lands. In contrast, there is little research in this field in Asia. Living mulches using cover plants have been indicated to be an effective way to increase the density of functional groups in Europe. However, most of the living mulches used in Japan are non-native species native to Europe. There is concern that these alien plants may have a negative impact on the functional groups of native organisms. In this study, researchers investigated the impact of a community of henbit (Lamium amplexicaule), a winter weed native to Japan, on the maintenance of functional ground-dwelling arthropods. In a study of vegetable fields grown with radishes, Chinese cabbage, and onions, plastic mulch, henbit communities, and weeding areas were compared. In vegetable fields, henbit communities increased the number of functional arthropods, including carnivorous native enemies and weed seed predators, compared with plastic mulched or weeding bare ground. Weeds were removed from vegetable fields, whereas the undergrowth was often managed in tree orchards to prevent soil erosion. In a chestnut orchard study, a henbit-dominated area was compared with an area containing a mixed plant community. In the chestnut orchard, the area with henbit-dominant communities had more functional species than areas with other weed species. These results reveal that the henbit community has a positive effect on the maintenance of functional ground-dwelling arthropods.
Genetic Variability in F2 Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Population from Double Cross of Sex-Distinct Parent Lines Agus Budi Setiawan; Irna Auliauzzakia; Aziz Purwantoro
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.93441

Abstract

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an economically significant crop in Indonesia. Due to the increasing demand for premium melon fruit with high sugar content, firm flesh, extended shelf life, bright peel and flesh color, and round fruit shapes, researchers developed melon lines that align with consumer preferences. This study aimed to determine the segregation pattern and genetic basis of sex expression in F1 and F2 populations, estimate genetic parameters for pericarp thickness and total soluble solids, and identify superior F2 genotypes using a predicted selection response based on a weighted selection index. A total of 137 F1 individuals derived from crossing ‘Inthanon RZ’ with ‘Glamour Sakata’ and 237 F2 individuals derived from the self-pollinated IG10 line were grown in a greenhouse using a hydroponic drip fertigation system. The F1 population exhibited genetic variation in sex expression based on the allele-specific marker of CmACS7, with a 1:1 phenotypic ratio, consisting of 68 monoecious and 69 andromonoecious individuals. All individuals in the F2 population showed homozygote andromonoecious expression, indicating that the IG10 progenitor line was homozygous (aaGG). Pericarp thickness and total soluble solids exhibited high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation and moderate-to-high broad-sense heritability. Among the genotypes, four displayed high-weighted selection indices based on the two target traits, with IG10-124 achieving the highest selection index. The selection response based on the weighted selection index suggests that pericarp thickness and total soluble solids will show genetic improvement in the next generation.
Enhancing Germination and Early Growth of Curly Lettuce Using Fermented Liquid Extract of Padina australis Hauck Liew Wei Yi; Sarayu Krishnamoorthy; Yumni Haziqah Mohammad; Ummul Hasanah Hassan; Khairul Mardhiah Abidin; Faizah Metali
Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Vol 40, No 2 (2025): In press April
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/carakatani.v40i2.94086

Abstract

Fermented seaweed liquid extract serves as an affordable and eco-friendly nutrient supplement, biostimulant, or biofertilizer, effectively promoting crop growth and supporting sustainable agricultural practices. This study evaluates the effects of the fermented liquid extract of Padina australis (FLEP) at various concentrations (0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 100%) on lettuce germination and early growth. Germination parameters were assessed over 14 days under controlled conditions, followed by consecutive greenhouse experiments that examined the impact of foliar FLEP spray on two-week-old seedlings over 21 days, measuring early growth parameters and foliar nutrient concentrations. All data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance at a 5% significance level. Results revealed that the FLEP significantly improved the seedling vigor index and length at concentrations ranging from 2 to 20%. The relative growth rate (RGR) for height exhibited significant increases at the 2% and 5% FLEP concentrations, while RGR for leaves, shoot dry biomass, and leaf area demonstrated significant improvements at FLEP concentrations of 2 to 20%. Foliar P content, and not foliar N, was significantly affected by the FLEP treatments, with P levels typically increasing with higher FLEP concentrations. These findings suggest that applying FLEP, particularly at low concentrations (2% and 5%) as a foliar spray significantly enhances lettuce germination and growth. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of the FLEP as a novel foliar biofertilizer.

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