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INDONESIA
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20890133     EISSN : 24776416     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Astronomy Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics provides rapid publication of short reports and important research in all fields of physics. Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics publishes articles that are of significance in their respective fields whilst also contributing to the disclipline of physics as a whole. Articles should be submitted to the Editorial Office of Indonesia Journal of Apllied Physics through this site. Further information on submission is also available at this site
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Articles 351 Documents
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Identification Sub-Surface Structure and Sediment Depth Estimation at the Proposed Indonesian New Capital City Yan Adi Segoro; Relly Margiono
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i2.96059

Abstract

In this study, we employ high-resolution GGMplus gravity satellite data and three-dimensional geological modeling to ascertain sediment thickness and subterranean structures in East Kalimantan, designated as Indonesia's prospective capital. The region's sedimentary basins, specifically the Kutai Basin with up to 14 kilometers of Tertiary sedimentary rocks, are pivotal in assessing seismic risk due to their potential to amplify seismic activity. Through Fourier transformation and power spectrum analysis, we discern the Simple Bouguer Anomaly (SBA) across the region, revealing an inverse relationship between SBA values ranging from -5 mGal to 145 mGal and topographical elevation. The Mangkalihat Peninsula showcases pronounced gravity anomalies corresponding to a complex geological matrix, including a carbonate platform and an extension of the Palukoro Fault system. The three-dimensional inversion modeling, across a 29,000 meters by 27,000 meters grid, identifies varying rock densities from 2.3 g/cm³ to 2.65 g/cm³, and delineates predominant rock types such as igneous granite, claystone, limestone, and sandstone. This is further validated by resistivity measurements, aligning with geological maps. The average regional depth estimates for sediment layers are -15274.93 meters for North-South transects and -13409.25 meters for West-East transects, with residual depth estimates suggesting sediment thickness up to -1988 meters. These granular insights enhance the geological model of East Kalimantan, providing a nuanced understanding of its geophysical framework and informing the developmental blueprint for Indonesia's future capital city.
Visual Analysis on Photoacoustic Emission Images of Synthetic Dye Contrast Agents inside a Simple Closed-Surface Phantom Mahendra Kusuma Nugraha; Ernawatil Gani; Mitrayana Mitrayana
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i1.77839

Abstract

A straightforward photoacoustic microscopy imaging system utilizing a laser diode emitting photons at wavelength of 450 nanometers was employed for visualizing contrast-enhanced phantom objects. These phantoms consist of polypropylene tubes with a diameter of 0.3 cm, infused with three types of dye solutions: methylene blue, methyl orange, and methyl red, at varying concentrations of 10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. In total, twelve phantom objects were imaged, each positioned over a 1x1 cm imaging area constructed from composite galvalume plates. A condenser microphone with audiosonic frequency response was employed as the photoacoustic detector, capturing ones generated by the objects. These emissions were subsequently processed and transformed into two-dimensional polychromatic images. Three primary aspects govern the visual characteristics of each acquired image: (i) the visible light absorption capacity at 450 nanometers for each type of dye; (ii) the concentration of soluble dye molecules; and (iii) the geometry and shape of the polypropylene tube functioning as the closed-surface phantom. It was discovered that utilizing polypropylene tubes as the closed-surface phantom can hinder the propagation of photoacoustic emissions generated by the solution, leading to significantly lower measured photoacoustic intensity than expected. When combined with the intrinsic properties of the contrast agents used, this key factor ultimately shapes the image features obtained from this experiment.
Cosmological Consequence of Varying Speed of Light and Gravitational Constant Gabriel Wirdzelii Joseph; Lucky Peter Kenda; Maxwell Obia Kanu
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 14, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v14i1.74838

Abstract

The speed of light is taken to be a constant in a vacuum. This forms the basic tool for the principle of General Covariance, which asserts that all laws of Physics should take the same form in all frames of reference. Without putting inflation into consideration, the theory of varying speed of light (VSL) would solve basic problems of cosmology in the early universe. Furthermore, the Gravitational constant G that occurred in the Friedmann Equations may not have been real constants in the early universe but have some variation with the universe scale factor. Cosmological models with varying physical constants have been of interest in recent years with few works in the literature. A cosmological solution obtained by incorporating variable speed of light and gravitational constant gives a cosmic model which is free from the initial Big Bang singularity and horizon problem. It is also observed here that the early universe was dominated by dark matter, however, as the scale factor increases, the dark energy become dominant.
Assessment of Settlement Area Development in Jember Regency Area Based on Multitemporal LANDSAT 8 OLI-TIRS Data Bowo Eko Cahyono; Inas Alfiyatul Umniyah
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i1.97656

Abstract

Jember is a regency in the province of East Java-Indonesia, experiencing residential or settlement area growth because of increasing population as the main trigger for land use changing. Monitoring the development of settlement areas is important for regional and urban planning. Remote sensing technology provides fast and efective methods of classifying land use and land cover for regional aea, so monitoring the development of settelemnent area can be identified easily. This study aims to determine the classification of land use and analyse the distribution or evelopment of settlement area in the Jember District based on LANDSAT 8 OLI-TIRS data for the year of 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2021. The classification was conducted by supervised classification method using a random forest algorithm. The land use is divided into six classes namely vegetation, water body, settlement, bush grass, open land and paddy field. The results showed that settlement area continues to increase every year, meanwhile the area of vegetation, water bodies, bush grass, open land and paddy fields varies every year. The distribution of settlement area in each sub-district showed that the largest area of settlements occur in Ambulu sub-district with 1,447 ha in 2013, 4,064 ha in 2019, and 3,215 ha in 2021. The other years that are 2015 and 2017, Wuluhan sub-district was detected as the largest area of settlement which are 2,950 ha in 2015 and 2,291 ha in 2017. However, this number of settlement area distribution does not really reflect the level of housing density in each sub-district. Thus, the housing density was calcuated by dividing the settlement area to the sub-district area. It found that the highest settlement density in 2021 is located in Kaliwates sub-district with a percentage of 48%, followed by Sumbersari at 44%, Balung at 31%, Ambulu at 30%, and Umbulsari at 29%.
Structural Optimization of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Layers for Enhanced Solar Cell Efficiency Soni Prayogi; Nmenakota Benony Etwiory; Muhammad A
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i2.105724

Abstract

Energy conversion efficiency of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) based solar cells remains a major challenge in the development of renewable energy technologies. One approach to improve this efficiency is through improving the solar cell layer structure. This research aims to maximize the layer structure of a-Si: H solar cells by using OghmaNano software simulation. This simulation allows in-depth analysis of the effect of bandgap variation as well as layer thickness on solar cell performance. The method used in this research is to perform numerical simulations using OghmaNano software. The a-Si: H solar cell model was built by varying relevant parameters such as substrate (glass), ITO, p i n layer, and metal contacts. Simulations were performed to obtain the I-V characteristics of the solar cell, which were then used to calculate the energy conversion efficiency. The simulation results were analyzed to identify the layer structure configuration that yielded the highest efficiency. The results hypothesize that determining the layer structure of a- Si: H solar cells can significantly improve the energy conversion efficiency. Variations in intrinsic layer thickness and bandgap have a significant effect on solar cell performance. With variations in layer thickness and bandgap, it is expected to maximize light absorption and increase energy conversion efficiency, which will significantly improve the overall performance of solar cells.
Evaluation of Ferric Ion Adsorption On The Surface Imprinting Adsorbent Ihsan Alfikro; Jorena Jorena; Erry Koriyanti; Octavianus Cakra Satya; Fiber Monado; Idha Royani
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v14i2.89893

Abstract

Rapidity in technological aspects encourages industrial sector to utilize and apply the latest technology to accelerate and optimize production in its field. Thus, waste from industry polluting various aspects of environment, such as water, gives rise to environmental impacts. Heavy metals, including iron, are one of the most common and dangerous pollutants often found in water environments. Therefore, consideration of methods for heavy metal separation from water becomes important. The adsorption method has been used for separating heavy metals because of its simplicity, thus effectively cuts energy consumption and costs in process. However, heavy metal characteristics in water can vary depending on the element. Consequently, understanding the heavy metal characteristics in water is important, hence capable of formulate appropriate and effective adsorption systems. This study, Fe(III)-IIPs was applied to adsorb and separate iron from water through repeated adsorption with parameter improvements. The pH parameter plays an important role, with ion competition happens at pH <2 and the formation of iron hydroxide species at pH >4.5, which results in adsorption inhibition. The modeling of adsorption kinetic equation was found that the adsorption system carries chemisorption characteristics, with adsorption capacity of 11.15 mg/g and reaction rate constant of 19 min-1.
A theoretical study of electron impact excitation of the lowest autoionizing states of rubidium using a distorted wave method Fredrick Omboga Oketch
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i1.86355

Abstract

In this study, we applied distorted wave method to calculate integral cross sections, differential cross sections, and alignment parameters for electron impact excitation of the lowest autoionizing state of Rb. The projectile electron energy we considered is in the range of near threshold up to high energy region (1 keV). We considered static potential of the initial target state as the initial channel distortion potential and a linear combination of static potentials of initial and final target states as the final channel distortion potential. The wave functions used in this model are the multi-zeta and the double-zeta Hartree-Fock single electron wave functions. In order to perform the numerical calculations, we have modified distorted wave Born approximation 1 (DWBA1) program. In the present study, we have evaluated the exchange amplitudes exactly without any approximation. We have compared our results with other theoretical and experimental results available to us. The present results for integral cross sections are in good agreement with experimental results of Borovik. Our distorted wave results are in much better agreement with the experimental result than does the Dirac B-spline R-matrix results of Borovik. Additionally, our alignment parameter results show a near threshold maximum. Furthermore, from the present differential cross sections results it is observed that when the incident energy increases to 200 eV, the cross sections with or without the effect of exchange coincide nearly at all scattering angles.
Instrumentation and Data-Processing Workflow for AMD Neutralization: Linking Rock Formation, Water-Quality Measurements, and Index Computation Yazid Fanani; Eko Teguh Paripurno; Tedy Agung Cahyadi; Ahmad Mushoffa; Andris Emanuel Korompis; Muhammad Rizky Redy Asmara; Dwi Fitri Yudwiantoro
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i2.108469

Abstract

We use the Integrated Geo-Hydrochemical Risk Assessment (IGHRA) as a workflow driven by instruments. This workflow connects (i) evidence from rock formations, (ii) repeated water-quality measurements, and (iii) calculations of indices to manage AMD neutralization. The evidence from formations, including sulfide-bearing, quartz/glass-rich, and widely sericitized units, shows why we need CaO to quickly restore pH and precipitate Fe and Mn. Meanwhile, sulfate (SO₄) remains stable and controls overall compliance. We conduct 5 bench tests per condition to assess a series of CaO doses (1–10 g L⁻¹) and a fixed-mass series of CaCO₃ sizes. With CaO, pH increases to about 6.0-6.4 at 10 g L⁻¹. Fe levels drop to about 7-11 mg L⁻¹, Mn to about 0.16 mg L⁻¹, and SO₄ to about 1.7-1.75 g L⁻¹. These changes help quantify the improvements during treatment and reveal the ongoing sulfate load. Indices calculated from post-treatment samples indicate that the PLI(dose) for Fe, Mn, and SO₄ decreases from about 3.2 at 1 g L⁻¹ to about 0.49 at 10 g L⁻¹. At the same time, Residual Risk (RR) falls from about 67% to about 17%. In contrast, the responses from CaCO₃ remain limited by kinetics at low pH, with high indices across different mesh sizes. To turn this chemistry into practical actions, we determine the size of the polishing step using HRT. Existing ponds (about 884 m³) with a flow rate of approximately 0.0256 m³ s-1 provide about 9.6 hours, which is below the target of about 84 hours. A redesigned cell about 10,125 m³ offers around 110 hours for handling solids and buffering performance. Overall, IGHRA transforms treatment-stage measurements into reproducible indices and clear residence-time goals for mine waters close to the surface.
Investigation of Groundwater Potential in Marsela and Bululora Villages, Masela Island, Southwest Maluku District Using VES and LEM Resistivity Data Matheus Souisa; Sisca M Sapulete; Sean O O. Souisa; Cici C.N. Ohoiner; Raras F Waimalaka; Leona Y Mataheruilla; Sansina L Pangely
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 15, No 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v15i2.73409

Abstract

Groundwater has a wider distribution than surface water because groundwater fills all the pores of the rocks and soil beneath the earth's surface. Groundwater is located in a layer of soil called the aquifer layer which can be identified by the resistivity geoelectric method. The hydrogeological survey conducted in this study included the characterization of aquifers such as rock types and aquifer types through the interpretation of subsurface conditions using the geoelectric resistivity mapping (LEM) method with the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration and sounding (VES) with the Schlumberger configuration. The results showed that the MarselaVes-1 (GeoM-01), MarselaVes-2 (GeoM-02), and BululoraVes-1 (GeoB-01) point areas have local aquifers with moderate productivity and wide distribution. These three geoelectric points have the potential for drilling. Meanwhile, the hydrogeology at the BululoraVes-2 (GeoB-2) point has an aquifer with low productivity.
Reduced Graphene Oxide/Silica Based Electrode Material: Synthesis and Characterization Sinta Nur Mazida Rafiq; Dina Rahmawati; Mukhtar Effendi; Sib Krishna Ghoshal; Candra Kurniawan; Wahyu Widanarto
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 14, No 2 (2024): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v14i2.83371

Abstract

Developing a Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) synthesis method based on rice husk as a composite electrode material with silica has garnered particular attention for designing high-quality electrode materials. This research successfully synthesized rGO-Si material from rice husk-derived activated carbon through a one-step thermal reduction process at 200 °C. This method offers a simple, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly synthesis approach. The resulting samples' morphology, surface composition, crystal structure, surface area, and pore diameter size were characterized using FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and SAA-BET. EDX characterization results confirmed the predominance of carbon content in the samples. At the same time, the natural emergence of Si without external addition due to thermal reduction at 200 °C was an intriguing initial finding. The spherical crystal structure of silica between the wrinkled rGO layers was confirmed through FE-SEM and XRD analysis. The synergistic effect between Si and rGO significantly increased the sample's surface area, with a value of 34.17 m2/g for the rGO sample before thermal reduction, which increased to 121.24 m2/g after the thermal reduction process at 200 °C. This process also positively impacted the reduction in pore size of rGO-Si, with a value decreasing from 9.33 nm before thermal reduction to 4.89 nm after the thermal reduction process. The results of this study demonstrate that rGO-Si synthesized from rice husk-derived activated carbon holds great potential as a high-performance electrode material, combining the advantages of thermal reduction, natural Si content, and increased surface area for diverse applications.

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